Anti-GABA monoclonal antibody, clone 7C6

Background: This study aimed to explore the neurobiological effects of "Chinese Traditional Five-Elements Music Therapy" on rats and to determine its effects on amino acid neurotransmitter levels, the excitatory/inhibitory(E/I) balance and the Glu-Gln cycle. Methods: Male Wistar rats were assigned at random to the experimental groups (Gong/powerful; Shang/sad; Jue/gentle; Zhi/joyful; Yu/serene music group) and the control group(n=8/group).The experimental groups were exposed daily to music(2 hours per day; mild sound pressure levels, between 50 and 60 dB) for 28 consecutive days. Finally, we hypothesized concentrations of Glu and GABA to match the music types and measured additionally Asp, Gly, Gln, and Glu/GABA ratio in striatum by UPLC-3QMS. Result: Effects in the predicted direction were observed for Gong (Glu +, GABA -); Shang (Glu -; GABA +); Jue (Glu 0; GABA 0); and Zhi (Glu +; GABA -); but not Yu music (Glu + contrary to hypothesis; GABA + as hypothesized)." In addition, significant difference in Gln levels were also present in the zhi, Gong and Yu music groups compared to the controls. Conclusion: Our study showed that different melodic music produced different effects on amino acid neurotransmitter levels. "Chinese Traditional Five-Elements Music Therapy" affected the amino acid neurotransmitter levels, the E/I balance and the Glu-Gln cycle in the striatum of rats, which may reflect altered glutamatergic and GABAergic system.

In a healthy female reproductive system, a subtle hormonal and metabolic dance leads to repetitive cyclic changes in the ovaries and uterus, which make an effective ovulation and potential implantation of an embryo possible. However, that is not so in the case of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), in which case the central mechanism responsible for entraining hormonal and metabolic rhythms during the menstrual cycle is notably disrupted. In this review we provide a detailed description of the possible scenario of PCOS pathogenesis. We begin from the analysis of how a set of genetic disorders related to PCOS leads to particular malfunctions at a molecular level (e.g., increased enzyme activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP) type 17A1 (17 alpha-hydroxylase), 3 beta-HSD type II and CYP type 11A1 (side-chain cleavage enzyme) in theca cells, or changes in the expression of aquaporins in granulosa cells) and discuss further cellular- and tissue-level consequences (e.g., anovulation, elevated levels of the advanced glycation end products in ovaries), which in turn lead to the observed subsequent systemic symptoms. Since gene-editing therapy is currently out of reach, herein special emphasis is placed on discussing what kinds of drug targets and which potentially active substances seem promising for an effective medication, acting on the primary causes of PCOS on a molecular level.