Immunogenicity of a Bivalent Non-Purified Recombinant Vaccine against Botulism in Cattle
TOXINS
Authors: Moreira, Clovis, Jr.; Ferreira, Marcos R. A.; da Cunha, Carlos E. P.; Donassolo, Rafael A.; Finger, Paula F.; Moreira, Gustavo M. S. G.; Otaka, Denis Y.; de Sousa, Loise A.; Barbosa, Jose D.; Moreira, Angela N.; Salvarani, Felipe M.; Conceicao, Fabricio R.
Abstract
Botulism is a potentially fatal intoxication caused by botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) produced mainly by Clostridium botulinum. Vaccination against BoNT serotypes C and D is the main procedure to control cattle botulism. Current vaccines contain formaldehyde-inactivated native BoNTs, which have a time-consuming production process and pose safety risks. The development of non-toxic recombinant vaccines has helped to overcome these limitations. This study aims to evaluate the humoral immune response generated by cattle immunized with non-purified recombinant fragments of BoNTs C and D. Cattle were vaccinated in a two-dose scheme with 100, 200 and 400 mu g of each antigen, with serum sampling on days 0, 56, 120, and 180 after vaccination. Animals who received either 200 or 400 mu g of both antigens induced titers higher than the minimum required by the Brazilian ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply and achieved 100% (8/8) seroconversion rate. Animals vaccinated with commercial toxoid vaccine had only a 75% (6/8) seroconversion rate for both toxins. Animals that received doses containing 400 mu g of recombinant protein were the only ones to maintain titers above the required level up until day 120 post-vaccination, and to achieve 100% (8/8) seroconversion for both toxins. In conclusion, 400 mu g the recombinant Escherichia coli cell lysates supernatant was demonstrated to be an affordable means of producing an effective and safe botulism vaccine for cattle.
Immune response of horses to vaccination with the recombinant Hc domain of botulinum neurotoxin types C and D
VACCINE
Authors: Stahl, Christina; Unger, Lucia; Mazuet, Christelle; Popoff, Michel; Straub, Reto; Frey, Joachim
Abstract
Botulinum neurotoxins, predominantly serotypes C and D, cause equine botulism through forage poisoning. The C-terminal part of the heavy chain of botulinum neurotoxin types C and D (HcBoNT/C and D) was expressed in Escherichia coli and evaluated as a recombinant mono- and bivalent vaccine in twelve horses in comparison to a commercially available toxoid vaccine. A three-dose subcutaneous immunization of adult horses elicited robust serum antibody response in an ELISA using the immunogen as a capture antigen. Immune sera showed dose-dependent high potency in neutralizing specifically the active BoNT/C and D in the mouse protection assay. The aluminium hydroxide based mono- and bivalent recombinant HcBoNT/C and D vaccines were characterized by good compatibility and the ability to elicit protective antibody titers similar or superior to the commercially available toxoid vaccine. (c) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.