Contents of Kit
1. Pre-coated plate: 12T×8, inactivated purified measles virus antigen
2. Mouse anti-human IgG monoclonal antibody enzyme label: 10ml × 1 bottle, HRP enzyme-labeled mouse anti-human IgG monoclonal antibody, containing stabilizer and biological preservatives
3. Concentrated washing solution (20×): 30ml×1 bottle, 20 times concentrated phosphate buffer, containing NaCl, Tween-20
4. Sample diluent: 50ml×1 bottle, sodium citrate buffer, stabilizer, etc.
5. Negative control substance: 0.5ml×1 bottle, inactivated human anti-measles virus IgG negative serum, stabilizer
6. Positive control substance: 0.5ml×1 bottle, inactivated human anti-measles virus IgG positive serum, stabilizer
7. Substrate A: 5.0ml×1 bottle, the main component is carbamide peroxide
8. Substrate solution B9: 5.0ml×1 bottle, the main component is TMB
9. Stop solution: 5.0ml×1 bottle, 0.5M H2SO4 solution
10. Ziplock bag: 1 serving
11. Parafilm: 3 sheets
General Description
Measles virus is a spherical, non-segmented, single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus with a diameter of 120 to 125 nm. In virology, it belongs to the genus Morbillivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. Measles virus is mainly spread from person to person through respiratory droplets, and can also be spread through the air in the form of aerosols. The virus is most contagious in the prodromal stage, and the second-generation incidence rate among susceptible families (and institutions) is high, reaching 90% or more. Since cases can detoxify before and after visiting a doctor, on average, rashes can appear in secondary cases 14 to 15 days after the first case in the family is seen. Almost all primary cases (except for cases where maternal antibodies are still present in the body or immunoglobulins have been injected) show overt infection. There is currently no evidence that immune people can spread the virus without developing symptoms after exposure.
The clinical manifestations are that after respiratory exposure, early clinical symptoms begin to appear after an incubation period of 10 to 12 days. If exposure occurs after skin or mucous membrane damage, the incubation period can be shortened to 2 to 4 days; in patients with suppressed immune function, the incubation period may be extended. The prodromal stage mainly manifests as fever, general fatigue, conjunctivitis, rhinitis and bronchitis (such as cough), which can last for 2 to 4 days. These symptoms are similar to those of general upper respiratory tract infections. Within the next 4 days, the body temperature increased significantly, reaching 40.6°C. Koplik's spots are considered to be a mucosal rash unique to measles. They appear on the buccal mucosa 1 to 2 days before the rash and can last 1 to 2 days after the rash. Fourteen days after exposure to the virus, the patient developed erythematous papules, which spread from the head (face, forehead, hairline, behind the ears and upper neck) through the trunk to the limbs, which took about 3 to 4 days. The rash is usually concentrated on the face and upper body and fades under pressure. In the next 3 to 4 days, the rash began to subside according to the order of presentation, leaving light brown pigmentation.
After natural infection with measles virus, the body can develop long-term (possibly lifelong) immune memory, which includes the continuous production of measles virus-specific antibodies and measles virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the circulation. Measles vaccine induces humoral and cellular immunity comparable to natural infection, although antibody titers are usually lower. Additionally, infants born to mothers vaccinated against measles had lower average concentrations of maternally transmitted antibodies compared with mothers who had been naturally infected with measles. After vaccination with measles vaccine, transient, measles-specific immunoglobulin IgM antibodies can appear in the blood, while IgA antibodies appear in mucosal secretions; IgG antibodies can persist in the blood for many years. At the same time, the World Health Organization (WHO) ) stated in "The Immunological Basis of Immunization Series (Part 7: Measles)" that using the NIBSC second generation international standard (NIBSC code: 66/202) for traceability, the lowest protective level of anti-measles virus IgG antibodies in the human body is 200mIU/ml.
At present, the main methods for detecting measles virus-specific IgG antibodies include: hemagglutination inhibition test (HI), complement fixation test (CF), plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), microcytopathy inhibition test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (ELISA) etc.
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