Contents of Kit
1. Break apart microtiter test strips each with eight antigen coated single wells, (altogether 96), 1 frame. The coating material is inactivated. 12
2. Standard serum (ready-to-use), Human serum in protein-containing phosphate buffer; negative for anti-HIV Ab, HBs-Ag (Hepatitis B-Virus surface Antigen) and anti-HCV Ab; Preservative: <0.1% sodium azide; coloring: Amaranth O. 2 × 2 ml
3. Negative control serum (ready-to-use), Human serum in protein-containing phosphate buffer; negative for anti-HIV Ab, HBs-Ag (Hepatitis B-Virus surface Antigen) and anti-HCV Ab; Preservative: <0.1% sodium azide; coloring: Lissamin Green V. 2 ml
4. Anti-human IgG conjugate (ready-to-use), Anti-human IgG polyclonal antibody, Conjugated to alkaline phosphatase, stabilized with protein stabilization solution; Preservative: <0.1% methylisothiazolone, <0.1% bromnitrodioxane. 13ml
5. Washing solution concentrate (sufficient for 1000ml), Sodium chloride solution with Tween 20 and 30mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4; Preservative: <0.1% sodium azide. 33.3ml
6. Dilution buffer (ready-to-use), Protein-containing phosphate buffer with Tween 20; Preservative: <0.1% sodium azide; coloring: 0.01g/l Bromphenol blue. 2 × 50ml
7. Stopping solution (ready-to-use), <0.1N sodium hydroxide, 40mM EDTA. 15ml
8. Substrate (ready-to-use), Para-nitrophenylphosphate in solvent-free buffer; Preservative: <0.1% sodium azide. 13ml
General Description
Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease caused by trypanosomes of the genus Leishmania. This disease occurs predominantly in tropical and subtropical climate zones. Farm and domestic animals are primarily affected, however, the disease can also be transmitted to humans.
Leishmaniasis occurs worldwide with high incidences in Eastern Africa, South America, and Asia; cases have also been reported in the Mediterranean area. Annually, approx. 1.5 million cases of cutaneous and 0.5 million cases of visceral leishmaniasis are reported.
Dogs and rodents serve as the main reservoirs for Leishmania, but cats, horses, sheep, and cattle may also be afflicted. Sandflies (phlebotominae) or other moth flies (psychodidae) transmit the parasites to humans. The incubation period is variable, ranging from a few weeks up to several years.
Following transmission, the parasites have a particular affinity for macrophages of the host which they infect and in which they proliferate largely protected from an immune reaction. After destruction of infected macrophages, the released Leishmania can spread and infect other host cells.
Depending on the host's immune status, the various Leishmania species can induce different clinical manifestations: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, or visceral leishmaniasis. The cutaneous form presents generally with mild symptoms and heals spontaneously, but the visceral form can be lethal.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (Baghdad boil, oriental sore) is frequently caused by L. tropica, L. major, or L. aethiopica. Proliferation of the parasites is mainly restricted to the site of infection. Following an erythematous rash, a non-painful ulcer can develop often accompanied by swollen local lymph nodes. In most cases, cutaneous leishmaniasis is a self-limiting disease although scarring can result.
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (uta, espundia) is caused by L. brasiliensis and affects skin and mucus membranes in the nasal region, the oral cavity of the pharyngeal region, and sometimes the genitals. The disease manifests with severe skin ulceration and tissue destruction. Infections with L. donovani and L. infantum may induce visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar, black fever, dumdum fever). The disease manifests primarily with flu-like symptoms, swollen lymph nodes, and recurring fever accompanied by abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The palms of hand, the soles of feet, and the mucus membranes are noticeably dark-colored. Depending on the organs involved, additional symptoms may occur.
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