Magic™ Mouse Anti-FPV Monoclonal antibody, clone KVO3G7

Flame propagation characteristics of hydrogen-air mixtures were investigated using an improved annular stepwise diverging tube (ASDT). An infrared detectable camera was used to visualize flame behaviors. Flame propagation velocity (FPV) was examined using the variation of equivalence ratio (or premixing ratio) and flow rate. Conclusively, it was found that hydrogen-air flames have critical FPVs that are not significantly affected by the channel gap scales. The critical FPVs were measured over a range of equivalence ratio of 0.27 to 6.50, and the maximum critical FPV was approximately 285 cm/s at the equivalence ratio of 1.7. These values were comparable to the laminar burning velocities. Quenching distances were also measured using the identical ASDT system, and the minimum value was about 0.60 mm at approximately stoichiometric conditions. (C) 2015 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) poses a major threat to the chicken industry worldwide. In this study, we developed a recombinant fowlpox virus (rFPV) vaccine expressing the IBV S1 gene and chicken interleukin-18 gene (IL-18), rFPV-S1/IL18. Recombinant plasmid pSY-S1/IL18 was constructed by cloning chicken IL-18 into fowlpox virus transfer plasmid containing S1 gene and transfected into the chicken embryo fibroblasts cell pre-infected with S-FPV-017 to generate rFPV-S1/IL18. Expression of the recombinant proteins was confirmed by RT-PCR and IFA. We also constructed the recombinant fowlpox virus rFPV-S1 without IL-18. One-day-old chickens were vaccinated by wing-web puncture with the two rFPVs, and the induced humoral and cellular responses were evaluated. There was a significant difference in ELISA antibody levels (P < 0.05) elicited by either rFPV-S1 or rFPV-S1/IL18. The ratios of CD4(+) to CD8(+) in chickens immunized with rFPV-S1/IL18 were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in those immunized with rFPV-S1. All chickens immunized with rFPV-S1/IL18 were completely protected (20/20) after challenge with the virulent IBV HN99 strain 43 days after immunization, while only 15 out of 20 of the chickens immunized with the rFPV-S1 were protected. Our results show that the protective efficacy of the rFPV-S1 vaccine could be enhanced significantly by simultaneous expression of IL-18. (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.