PB1 is one of the three polymerase subunits of Equine Influenza Virus (EIV), an orthomyxovirus that causes acute respiratory disease in horses. Encoded by segment 2 of the viral genome, PB1 (polymerase basic protein 1) forms part of the heterotrimeric RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex together with PB2 and PA. It is responsible for the core RNA polymerase activity that transcribes and replicates the segmented negative-sense viral RNA genome. PB1 also produces, by ribosomal frameshifting, the accessory protein PB1-F2, which can modulate host immune responses and apoptosis. Because of its essential role in viral replication and pathogenesis, PB1 is a key target for studying EIV evolution, antiviral resistance, and vaccine strain selection.
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