Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) is a viral disease of equids caused by a macrophage – tropic lentivirus belonging to the Retroviridae family, and characterized by chronic infection. The EIA virus (EIAV) genome consists of two complementary RNA positive strands with 8.2 kb, comprising three genes (gag, pol and env coding structural and nonstructural proteins) and three open reading frames that encode regulatory proteins (tat, rev and S2). The 55 kDa Gagprecursor (Pr55gag) polyprotein codified by the gag region is essential in the virus replication cycle because it is related to virus budding from the host cells. This Pr55gag precursor is cleaved by the viral protease into four main mature virion internal structural proteins: p15 (transmembrane), p26 (capsid), p11 and p9 (nucleocapsid). The p26 protein represents about 40% of the total number of EIAV proteins and is well conserved among different viral strains. It is also the most immunogenic protein and thus the target antigen used in serological tests using EIA.
Keywords
Equine infectious anemia virus; EIAV; EIAV P26
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