Deoxynivalenol standard

Soil macroarthropods are organisms considered as key factors to sustain soil quality and sustainability due to their services to soil ecosystem. The community structure and seasonal variation of soil macroarthropods in 5-year cultivation of green manure plant species in the Brazilian semi-arid, Areia, Paraiba, Brazil were investigated between June and December 2018. Soil samples and macroarthropod specimens were collected using soil cores and Provid-type traps, respectively, during rainy and dry seasons. We characterized both soil chemical properties and macroarthropod community under ten green manure plant species:Brachiaria decumbensStapf. cv. Basilisk, Canavalia ensiformis(L.) DC,Crotalaria junceaL.,Crotalaria ochroleucaG. Don,Crotalaria spectabilisRoth,Lablab purpureus(L.) Sweet,Mucuna pruriens(L.) DC.,Neonotonia wightii(Wight & Arn.) J.A. Lackey,Pennisetum glaucumL., andStilozobium aterrimumPiper & Tracy. The highest values of richness, diversity and dominance in the macroarthropod community during the rainy season were found on the plots whereC. spectabilisandM. prurienswere cultivated, whereas during the dry season the highest values were found in the plots whereC. ochroleuca,C. spectabilis, andS. aterrimumwere cultivated. In the plots whereB. decumbensandP. glaucumwhere cultivated, we found lower values of richness, diversity, and dominance in the macroarthropod community compared to the leguminous plant species during rainy and dry seasons. Our findings suggest that: 1) green manure practice and seasonality changed soil macroarthropod community, trophic structure, and ecological processes in semi-arid conditions; and 2) abundance of predators, ecosystem engineers, decomposers and herbivores was promoted by plant species from Fabaceae family. The results highlight the importance to consider plant species from Fabaceae family as habitat and food resources for soil fauna community.

Black women and girls are frequently left out of narratives on sexual harassment/sexual violence due to pervasive racism and sexism. Schools contribute to this silence by continuing to overlook the exceptional needs and experiences of Black girls. Therefore, this qualitative study used an intersectional lens to examine Black girls' experiences with sexual harassment in an urban middle school. Results indicated participants experienced both physical and verbal sexual harassment and felt their concerns were largely ignored or/or minimized by teachers school administrators. Recommendations for creating safe spaces for Black girls in urban middle schools are provided.