Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) is an indole-tetramic acid mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium species. It inhibits the sarcoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase (SERCA), thereby disturbing intracellular calcium homeostasis. Cyclopiazonic acid is found in moldy foods and animal feed. Its well-defined mode of action makes it a useful probe for calcium transport studies and toxicological evaluation of fungal metabolites affecting muscle physiology.
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