Flame retardancy of glass fiber reinforced high temperature polyamide by use of aluminum diethylphosphinate: thermal and thermo-oxidative effects
POLYMER INTERNATIONAL
Authors: Seefeldt, Henrik; Duemichen, Erik; Braun, Ulrike
Abstract
Glass fiber reinforced polyamide (PA) 6T/DT flame retarded with aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) was tested to assess its flame retardant properties. Models for the decomposition of PA 6T/DT with and without AlPi are presented. Thermal decomposition was measured by performing TGA with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy in the condensed phase. Fire behavior was studied using a cone calorimeter and flammability was tested with UL 94 and the limiting oxygen index. AlPi works as an effective flame retardant for glass fiber reinforced PA 6T/DT materials, acting in the gas phase. Also observed was condensed-phase action, which occurs especially under oxidative conditions before the samples ignite. (c) 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Commissioning of the ALPI post-accelerator
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
Authors: Dainelli, A; Bassato, G; Battistella, A; Bellato, M; Beltramin, A; Bertazzo, L; Bezzon, G; Bisoffi, G; Boscagli, L; Canella, S; Carlucci, D; Cervellera, F; Chiurlotto, F; Contran, T; DeLazzari, M; Facco, A; Favaron, P; Fortuna, G; Gustafsson, S; Lollo, M; Lombardi, A; Marigo, S; Moisio, MF; Palmieri, V; Pengo, R; Pisent, A; Poggi, M; Poletto, F; Porcellato, AM; Ziomi, L
Abstract
The commissioning phase of the ALPI post-accelerator started at the beginning oi 1994 with the installation of the medium beta section (beta = 0.11). Test beams of different injection energies and ion species have been accelerated with ALPI and delivered to the experimental hails. The main components of the post-accelerator. namely the cryogenic plant, the pulsing system, the optical and diagnostic elements for the beam transport, the vacuum, rf and control systems was widely tested under different conditions. The average accelerating field over the 44 installed superconducting lead on copper resonators turns out to be 2.5 MV/m and the phase looking procedure for the 48 resonators (accelerating and buncher cavities) is normally completed in about 10 hours. The overall beam transmission towards the post-accelerator is 70% with the DC beam and up to 50% with the pulsed and accelerated beam with currents on the target of the order of some pnA.