Receptor activity-modifying protein 1 regulates the phenotypic expression of BMSCs via the Hippo/Yap pathway
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
Authors: Zhang, Qin; Guo, Yanjun; Yu, Hui; Tang, Yufei; Yuan, Ying; Jiang, Yixuan; Chen, Huilu; Gong, Ping; Xiang, Lin
Abstract
Receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) might be a critical regulator during bone wound healing. However, the roles and mechanisms of RAMP1 in osteogenesis remain unclear. Here, we aimed to elucidate the role of RAMP1 and explore the effects of Yes-associated protein 1 (Yap1), an effector of the Hippo/Yap pathway, in this process. We used a RAMP1 overexpression lentiviral system in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which enhanced RAMP1 expression in an effective, appropriate, and sustained manner. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays and alizarin red staining showed that RAMP1 promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs after calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) treatment (10 (-8)mol/L). Moreover, real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis indicated that RAMP1 upregulated the expression of osteogenic phenotypic markers (ALP, runt-related transcription factor 2, osteopontin; p<0.05). To further uncover the mechanism of RAMP1 in osteogenic differentiation, we used verteporfin (10 (-7)mol/L) to block Yap1. Notably, verteporfin impaired RAMP1-induced osteogenesis. Taken together, our findings confirmed that RAMP1 is a key mediator of bone regeneration and indicate that RAMP1 promotes CGRP-induced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via regulation of the Hippo/Yap pathway.
MAP2K1 is a potential therapeutic target in erlotinib resistant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
Authors: Jain, Ankit P.; Patel, Krishna; Pinto, Sneha; Radhakrishnan, Aneesha; Nanjappa, Vishalakshi; Kumar, Manish; Raja, Remya; Patil, Arun H.; Kumari, Anjali; Manoharan, Malini; Karunakaran, Coral; Murugan, Saktivel; Prasad, T. S. Keshava; Chang, Xiaofei; Mathur, Premendu Prakash; Kumar, Prashant; Gupta, Ravi; Gupta, Rohit; Khanna-Gupta, Arati; Sidransky, David; Chatterjee, Aditi; Gowda, Harsha
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted therapies have shown limited efficacy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients despite its overexpression. Identifying molecular mechanisms associated with acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs such as erlotinib remains an unmet need and a therapeutic challenge. In this study, we employed an integrated multi-omics approach to delineate mechanisms associated with acquired resistance to erlotinib by carrying out whole exome sequencing, quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiling. We observed amplification of several genes including AXL kinase and transcription factor YAP1 resulting in protein overexpression. We also observed expression of constitutively active mutant MAP2K1 (p.K57E) in erlotinib resistant SCC-R cells. An integrated analysis of genomic, proteomic and phosphoproteomic data revealed alterations in MAPK pathway and its downstream targets in SCC-R cells. We demonstrate that erlotinib-resistant cells are sensitive to MAPK pathway inhibition. This study revealed multiple genetic, proteomic and phosphoproteomic alterations associated with erlotinib resistant SCC-R cells. Our data indicates that therapeutic targeting of MAPK pathway is an effective strategy for treating erlotinib-resistant HNSCC tumors.