Identification of PKMYT1 inhibitors by screening the GSK published protein kinase inhibitor set I and II
BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
Authors: Platzer, Charlott; Najjar, Abdulkarim; Rohe, Alexander; Erdmann, Frank; Sippl, Wolfgang; Schmidt, Matthias
Abstract
As a member of the Wee-kinase family protein kinase PKMYT1 is involved in G(2)/M checkpoint regulation of the cell cycle. Recently, a peptide microarray approach led to the identification of a small peptide; EFS247-259 as substrate of PKMYT1, which allowed for subsequent development of an activity assay. The developed activity assay was used to characterize the PKMYT1 catalyzed phosphorylation of EFS247-259. For the first time kinetic parameters for PKMYT1, namely K-m, K-m (ATP) and v(max) were determined. The optimized assay was used to screen the published protein kinase inhibitor sets (PKIS I and II), two sets of small molecule ATP-competitive kinase inhibitors reported by GlaxoSmithKline. We identified ten inhibitors, providing different scaffolds. The inhibitors were further characterized by using binding assay, activity and functional assay. In addition, docking studies were carried out in order to rationalize the observed biological activities. The derived results provide the basis for further chemical optimization of PKMYT1 inhibitors and for further analysis of PKMYT1 as target for anticancer therapy.
WEE1 inhibitor, AZD1775, overcomes trastuzumab resistance by targeting cancer stem-like properties in HER2-positive breast cancer
CANCER LETTERS
Authors: Sand, Andrea; Piacsek, Mitchel; Donohoe, Deborah L.; Duffin, Aspen T.; Riddell, Geoffrey T.; Sun, Chaoyang; Tang, Ming; Rovin, Richard A.; Tjoe, Judy A.; Yin, Jun
Abstract
Although trastuzumab has greatly improved the outcome of HER2-positive breast cancer, the emergence of resistance hampers its clinical benefits. Trastuzumab resistance is a multi-factorial consequence predominantly due to presence of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). AZD1775, a potent anti-cancer agent targeting WEE1 kinase to drive tumor cells with DNA damage to premature mitosis, has previously shown high efficacies when targeting different cancers with a well-tolerated cytotoxic profile, but has not been evaluated in trastuzumab-resistant (TrR) breast cancer. We sought to investigate the effect of AZD1775 on cancer stem-like cell (CSC) properties, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation in TrR breast cancer. Our study for the first time demonstrated that AZD1775 induces apoptosis and arrests TrR cells at G2/M phase. More importantly, AZD1775 effectively targeted CSC properties by suppressing MUC1 expression levels. AZD1775 administration also induced apoptosis in our inhouse patient-derived tumor cell line at passage 0, implying its significant clinical relevance. These findings highlight the potential clinical application of AZD1775 in overcoming trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer.