Human TREM1 ELISA Matched Antibody Pair

Immunity has been suggested to play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM1), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of receptors, is widely expressed in monocytes and microglia. On the other hand, TREM1 variant, rs6910730(G), is reported to associate with AD pathology; however, the exact mechanism is not yet clear. Since phagocytosis of A beta by monocytes enhances A beta clearance and attenuates AD pathogenesis, Jiang et al. has investigated if TREM1 can modulate A beta phagocytosis and degradation by monocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). They found that TREM1 facilitates microglial A beta phagocytosis while rs6910730(G) impairs this function and exacerbates AD pathogenesis. These findings suggest that TREM1 can be implemented investigated as a potential therapeutic target in AD.

Purpose Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu), having epidemic characteristics, is being diagnosed increasingly in certain tropical regions of the world, mainly Latin America and Sri Lanka. They have been observed primarily in farming communities and current hypotheses point toward many environmental and occupational triggers. CKDu does not have common etiologies of chronic kidney disease (CKD) such as hypertension, diabetes, or autoimmune disease. We aimed to understand the molecular processes underlying CKDu in Sri Lanka using transcriptome analysis. Methods RNA extracted from whole blood was reverse transcribed and used for microarray analysis using the Human HT-12 v.4 array (Illumina). Pathway analysis was carried out using ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA-Qiagen). Microarray results were validated using real-time PCR of five selected genes. Results Pathways related to innate immune response, including interferon signaling, inflammasome signaling and TREM1 signaling had the most significant positive activation z scores, where as EIF2 signaling and mTOR signaling had the most significant negative activation z scores. Pathways previously linked to fluoride toxicity; G-protein activation, Cdc42 signaling, Rac signaling and RhoA signaling were activated in CKDu patients. The most significantly activated biological functions were cell death, cell movement and antimicrobial response. Significant toxicological functions were mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Conclusions Based on the molecular pathway analysis in CKDu patients and review of literature, viral infections and fluoride toxicity appear to be contributing to the molecular mechanisms underlying CKDu.