Human TGFBI blocking peptide

Protein aggregation has been one of the leading triggers of various disease conditions, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and other amyloidosis. TGFBI-associated corneal dystrophies are protein aggregation disorders in which the mutant TGFBIp aggregates and accumulates in the cornea, leading to a reduction in visual acuity and blindness in severe cases. Currently, the only therapy available is invasive and there is a known recurrence after surgery. In this study, we tested the inhibitory and amyloid dissociation properties of four osmolytes in an in-vitro TGFBI peptide aggregation model. The 23-amino acid long peptide (TGFBIp 611-633 with the mutation c.623 G>R) from the 4th FAS-1 domain of TGFBIp that rapidly forms amyloid fibrils was used in the study. Several biophysical methods like Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence, Circular Dichroism (CD), fluorescence microscopy and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to study the inhibitory and amyloid disaggregation properties of the four osmolytes (Betaine, Raffinose, Sarcosine, and Taurine). The osmolytes were effective in both inhibiting and disaggregating the amyloid fibrils derived from TGFBIp 611-633 c.623 G>R peptide. The osmolytes did not have an adverse toxic effect on cultured human corneal fibroblast cells and could potentially be a useful therapeutic strategy for patients with TGFBIp corneal dystrophies.

PURPOSE. Transforming growth factor beta-induced protein (TG-FBIp; 68 kDa) is a secreted extracellular matrix (ECM) protein that has been demonstrated to regulate cell attachment in a variety of cell types. The sclera synthesizes and secretes TGFBIp, which may function to facilitate scleral ECM remodeling events associated with myopia development. Here the authors report that human scleral fibroblasts (HSFs) express TGFBI and that its protein product, TGFBIp, mediates an effect on cell attachment. METHODS. TGFBI/TGFBIp expression was evaluated by RT-PCR and immunoblot of HSF lysates and culture supernatants. The effect of rTGFBIp (50 mu g/mL) on cell attachment to collagen type I was determined with the use of fluid-phase cell attachment assays in HSFs, human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs), and human corneal stroma fibroblasts (HCFs). Binding assays using biotinylated rTGFBIp were used to assess TGFBIp binding to the HSF surface. Flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry were used to determine both alpha v beta 3 and alpha v beta 5 expression and localization to the HSF cell surface. RESULTS. HSFs expressed TGFBI and secreted TGFBIp (similar to 833 ng/h). rTGFBIp significantly decreased (25 mu g/mL; P <= 0.05) HSF attachment to collagen type I, whereas rTGFBIp did not significantly affect cell attachment of HFFs (P = 0.50) or HCFs (P = 0.24) to collagen compared with BSA. Integrins alpha v beta 3 and alpha v beta 5 were detected on the cell surface, and both anti-alpha v beta 3 and anti-alpha v beta 5 functionally blocked rTGFBIp binding to HSFs. CONCLUSIONS. TGFBIp plays an inhibitory role in HSF attachment to collagen type I in vitro through interactions with alpha v beta 3 and alpha v beta 5 integrin receptors. These results suggest that TGFBIp may modulate scleral cell-matrix interactions in vivo, thereby affecting scleral viscoelasticity. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2009; 50: 3542 -3552) DOI:10.1167/iovs.09-3460