Anti-SYNM monoclonal antibody, clone 5H6

in this paper, a 6 salient-pole 3-phase synchronous machine with specified dimensions and characteristics is modeled and simulated using modified winding function approaches and finite element method. In this model, all non-ideal effects are taken into account. That they include the machine geometry, slots effects and saturation, non-linear behavior due to ferromagnetic materials, type of winding connection and winding distribution and static and dynamic eccentricity between the stator and rotor. That is able to consider most of the important features of a salient pole machine. In order to analyze the behavior of machine in normal conditions and faulty, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) has been used for eccentricity fault identification. Torque and stator current spectra of the SynM under different condition are computed and a novel approach is presented to detect static and dynamic eccentricity in salient-pole SynM based on vibration torque and currents signature.

Diseases of striated muscle linked to intermediate filament (IF) proteins are associated with defects in the organization of the contractile apparatus and its links to costameres, which connect the sarcomeres to the cell membrane. Here we study the role in skeletal muscle of synemin, a type IV IF protein, by examining mice null for synemin (synm-null). Synm-null mice have a mild skeletal muscle phenotype. Tibialis anterior (TA) muscles show a significant decrease in mean fiber diameter, a decrease in twitch and tetanic force, and an increase in susceptibility to injury caused by lengthening contractions. Organization of proteins associated with the contractile apparatus and costameres is not significantly altered in the synm-null. Elastimetry of the sarcolemma and associated contractile apparatus in extensor digitorum longus myofibers reveals a reduction in tension consistent with an increase in sarcolemmal deformability. Although fatigue after repeated isometric contractions is more marked in TA muscles of synm-null mice, the ability of the mice to run uphill on a treadmill is similar to controls. Our results suggest that synemin contributes to linkage between costameres and the contractile apparatus and that the absence of synemin results in decreased fiber size and increased sarcolemmal deformability and susceptibility to injury. Thus synemin plays a moderate but distinct role in fast twitch skeletal muscle.