The Sterigmatocystin(ST) Kit is a competitive ELISA for the quantitative analysis of sterigmatocyst in grain and grain products.
Contents of Kit
1. Microtiter plate with 96 wells coated with coupling antigen 2. Standard Solutions. (1mL×7 bottles): 0 ng/mL, 0.1ng/mL, 0.3ng/mL, 0.9ng/mL, 2.7ng/mL, 8.3ng/mL, 25ng/mL 3. Enzyme Conjugate (Rabbit anti-mouse IgG-HRP conjugate): 12 mL. Ready-to-use. 4. Antibody #1: 7 mL. Ready-to-use. 5. TMB Substrate: 6 mL×2 bottles. Ready-to-use. 6. Stop Solution: 8 mL. Ready-to-use. 7. Wash Solution (10× Concentrate): 50 mL. Dilute 10× Concentrated wash solution with deionized water in the volume ratio of 1: 9(e.g. 1mL of 10× concentrated wash solution + 9mL of deionized water), which will be used to wash the plates. 8. Extraction Solution (20× Concentrate): 50 mL × 1 bottle. Dilute 20× Concentrated extraction solution with deionized water in the volume ratio of 1: 19(e.g. 1mL of 20× concentrated extraction solution + 19mL of deionized water), which will be used in sample preparation.
Storage
Storage condition: 2-8°C.
General Description
Sterigmatocystin is a toxic metabolite structurally closely related to the aflatoxins, and consists of a xanthone nucleus attached to a bifuran structure. Sterigmatocystin is mainly produced by the fungi Aspergillus nidulans and A. versicolor. It has been reported in mouldy grain, green coffee beans and cheese although information on its occurrence in foods is limited.
Citations
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Background
Sterigmatocystin (STE) is a polyketide mycotoxin produced by several fungal species belonging to the genera Aspergillus, Bipolaris, Botryotrichum, Humicola, and Penicillium. It is structurally related to aflatoxins and shares similar toxic properties. STC is commonly found as a contaminant in various agricultural commodities such as grains, nuts, spices, and animal feeds. Due to its toxic and carcinogenic nature, the presence of STC in food and feed poses a significant concern for human and animal health. Studies have shown that STC possesses carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, and immunosuppressive properties. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified STC as a possible human carcinogen (Group 2B), indicating that it has the potential to cause cancer in humans. Animal studies have demonstrated that STC can induce liver and lung tumors, and there is evidence linking STC exposure to liver cancer in humans. Moreover, STC can also exert toxic effects on the kidneys, reproductive system, and immune system. It has been shown to disrupt DNA synthesis, interfere with cell division, and induce oxidative stress. The adverse health implications of STC underscore the importance of monitoring its presence in food and implementing effective control measures. To address the need for accurate and reliable detection of STC, we have developed the Sterigmatocystin ELISA Kit. By utilizing this kit, researchers and food safety professionals can effectively screen and monitor STC levels in grain and grain products. This enables them to assess compliance with regulatory limits, ensure the safety and quality of food products, and take appropriate measures to mitigate the risks associated with STC contamination.
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References
Sterigmatocystin: Occurrence, toxicity and molecular mechanisms of action – A review
Food and Chemical Toxicology
Authors: Zingales V, Fernández-Franzón M, Ruiz M J.
The mycotoxin sterigmatocystin (STE) is produced mainly by Aspergillus fungi. It has been reported to occur in grains and grain-based products, cheese, coffee, spices and beer. The STE is a known biogenic precursor of aflatoxin B1, sharing with it several structural and biological similarities. The STE has been shown to be hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic in animals and it has been classified as possible human carcinogen (group 2B) by IARC. The STE has been reported to cause a marked decrease in cell proliferation in different mammalian cells. Data available on literature suggest that the cellular mechanisms underlying STE-induced toxicity include the induction of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, as well as alteration of immune system function and activation of different signalling pathways. Moreover, STE resulted to be genotoxic, being able to form DNA-adducts and induce DNA damage. Despite its strong cytotoxicity, no risk assessments have been still carried out by authorities due to the lack of toxicity data, so research on STE toxicological impact is still going on. This review reports information available regarding STE toxicity and its related mechanisms of action with the aim of updating information regarding last researches on this mycotoxin.
Sterigmatocystin: occurrence in foodstuffs and analytical methods–an overview
Sterigmatocystin (STC) is a mycotoxin produced by fungi of many different Aspergillus species. Other species such as Bipolaris, Chaetomium, Emiricella are also able to produce STC. STC producing fungi were frequently isolated from different foodstuffs, while STC was regularly detected in grains, corn, bread, cheese, spices, coffee beans, soybeans, pistachio nuts, animal feed and silage. STC shows different toxicological, mutagenic and carcinogenic effects in animals and has been recognized as a 2B carcinogen (possible human carcinogen) by International Agency for Research on Cancer. There are more than 775 publications available in Scopus (and more than 505 in PubMed) mentioning STC, but there is no summary information available about STC occurrence and analysis in food. This review presents an overview of the worldwide information on the occurrence of STC in different foodstuffs during the last 40 years, and describes the progress made in analytical methodology for the determination of STC in food.
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