Rat Interleukin 4

Name: Rat Interleukin 4
SKU: DAG359
Rating: 5 (1 reviews)

Rat Interleukin 4, recombinant protein from E. coli

COA

SDS

Datasheet

Summary

Product Overview

Il4 is apotent lymphoid cell growth factor which stimulates the growth andsurvivability of certain B cells and T cells. Rat Il4 which was expressed inE. coli is a 14kDa protein containing 121 amino acid residues.

Nature

Recombinant

Tag/Conjugate

Unconjugated

Format

Purified, Lyophilized. We recommend a quick spin followed by reconstitution in water toa concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/ml. This solution can then be diluted into otheraqueou buffers and stored at 2-8°C for up to one week or –20°C for futureuse.

Concentration

Not applicable.

Buffer

Not applicable.

Preservative

None

Storage

2-8°C short term, -20°C long term

Introduction

Participates in at least several B-cell activation processes as well as of other cell types. It is a costimulator of DNA-synthesis. It induces the expression of class II MHC molecules on resting B-cells. It enhances both secretion and cell surface expression of IgE and IgG1. It also regulates the expression of the low affinity Fc receptor for IgE (CD23) on both lymphocytes and monocytes.

Antigen Description

Interleukin-4,abbreviated IL-4, is a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helperT cells (Th0 cells) to Th2 cells. Upon activation by IL-4, Th2 cellssubsequently produce additional IL-4. The cell that initially produces IL-4,thus inducing Th0 differentiation, has not been identified, but recentstudies suggest that basophils may be the effector cell. It is closelyrelated and has functions similar to Interleukin 13.

Keywords

IL4; interleukin 4; interleukin-4; B cell growth factor 1; B_cell stimulatory factor 1; BCGF 1; BCGF1; BSF1; IL 4; lymphocyte stimulatory factor 1; MGC79402; binetrakin; pitrakinra; IL-4; BSF-1; BCGF-1;

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Documents

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References

NK-4 exerts selective regulatory effects on the activation and function of allergy-related Th2 cells

PLOS ONE

Authors: Kohno, Keizo; Koya-Miyata, Satomi; Harashima, Akira; Ariyasu, Toshio; Ushio, Shimpei

Abstract

NK-4 is the main component of the antiallergic drug Lumin, which has been in popular usage since the early 1950s. In this study, we examined whether NK-4 exerts a regulatory effect on the activation and effector function of Th2 cells. NK-4 inhibited IL-4 production by anti-CD3e mAb-stimulated BALB/c mouse spleen cells, whereas NK-4 had little effect on IFN-. production. IL-4 and IL-5 secretion by anti-CD3e mAb-or antigen-stimulated Th2 cells (D10. G4.1) was abrogated by NK-4 without affecting cell numbers, whereas IFN-. secretion by activated Th1 cells was unchanged. Mechanistic analysis revealed that NK-4 inhibited mRNA expression of the Th2-associated transcription factors GATA-3 and NFATc1 in antiCD3e mAb-stimulated D10. G4.1 cells. Regarding the regulation of Th2 cell effector functions, NK-4 inhibited the secretion of eotaxin and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) by normal human dermal fibroblasts in response to IL-4 and/or TNF-alpha. NK-4 achieved TARC attenuation comparable to what is observed with suplatast tosilate, an antiallergic drug that selectively inhibits Th2 cytokine production, at 14-fold lower concentrations of suplatast tosilate. Dexamethasone increased TARC production by 2.2-to 2.6-fold of control cultures. NK-4 successfully inhibited the STAT6 signaling pathway, suggesting a potential mechanism for down-regulating chemokines expression. In addition, NK-4 abrogated IL4- driven modulation of cytokine production profile in human monocytic THP-1 cells from proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory response, as seen in the inverted ratio of TNF-alpha to IL10 produced in response to LPS. These results suggest that NK-4 could prevent IL-4-driven polarization to alternatively activated macrophages, which are proposed to have pathogenic roles in allergic asthma. The importance of Th2 cytokines and chemokines in the development and progression of type 2 inflammatory disorders has been highlighted by recent advance in our understanding the immunological mechanism underlying allergic disease. Our results support the use of NK-4 as a reasonable therapeutic option to alleviate Th2mediated allergic inflammation.

Alternative methods to reduce the animal use in quality controls of inactivated BTV8 Bluetongue vaccines

PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE

Authors: Luciani, Mirella; Di Febo, Tiziana; Ronchi, Gaetano Federico; Sacchini, Flavio; Rossi, Emanuela; Ulisse, Simonetta; Di Pancrazio, Chiara; Antonucci, Daniela; Salini, Romolo; Teodori, Liana; Vulpiani, Michele Podaliri; Tittarelli, Manuela; Di Ventura, Mauro

Abstract

The acceptance of serology data instead of challenge for market release of new batches of commercial vaccine is under evaluation by regulatory agencies in order to reduce the use of animals and costs for manufacturers. In this study two vaccines for Bluetongue virus serotype 8 were submitted to quality controls required by the European Pharmacopoeia and tested on sheep in comparison with a commercial inactivated vaccine. Body temperature, antibody titres and viraemia of vaccinated and controls sheep were recorded. In addition IL4 and IFN gamma in sera and supernatant derived from in vitro stimulation of blood cells were also quantified using two commercial ELISA kit. The outer-capsid protein VP2 contained in vaccine formulations was quantified using a home-made capture-ELISA. Results obtained indicates that in-lab evaluation of cell-mediated and humoral immune response are useful parameters to predict the efficacy of BTV inactivated vaccines avoiding the challenge phase required to release new batches of vaccines with proven clinical efficacy and safety. The correlation observed between serology data and VP2 protein concentration of final product could be useful in-process control to predict if a new vaccine batch of BTV must be discarded or released to the market.