Recombinant Human tTG (C - terminal)

Two subspecies of bottlenose dolphins are observed, not simultaneously, in a narrow coastal area of the western South Atlantic Ocean. However, their trophic interaction is unknown. Such information can be explored using stable isotope composition in teeth, warranting time series data. We analyzed carbon and nitrogen isotopic values (delta C-13 and delta N-15) of dentin growth layer groups in teeth ofTursiops truncatus truncatusandTursiops truncatus gephyreusstranded along this area of potential co-occurrence in order to investigate the trophic, spatial and temporal dimensions of their isotopic niches. For each subspecies, we calculated isotopic niche width and the possible overlap in resource use between them. We modeled delta C-13 and delta N-15 according to age to verify ontogenetic variations in resources use. We also measured the ratio of individual variation by that of the population to estimate the degree of individual specialization within each subspecies. Mean isotopic values differed only for carbon values (delta C-13(Ttg) = - 12.7 parts per thousand; delta C-13(Ttt) = - 14.3 parts per thousand), and a small overlap in resource use between subspecies was observed. Individual specialization was evident in both subspecies suggesting temporal consistency in resource use and indicating they forage upon various preys. Although weaning age and feeding habit seem similar, subspecies diverge especially in habitat use, indicating they adapted for feeding in different environments. These results show a clear habitat partitioning between subspecies and only a small overlap on resource use within the area, reinforcing the hypothesis of a parapatric distribution with very occasional contacts in this region of the western South Atlantic Ocean.

Diverse late Neoarchean granitoids are widely exposed in the Western Shandong province (WSP). According to geological relationships, lithological features, magmatic zircon U-Pb-Lu-Hf isotopes and whole-rock chemical characteristics, eight main lithological assemblages are identified, and their petrogenesis is determined. (1) The similar to 2.54 Ga and similar to 2.51 Ga potassic granites show the highest SiO2 contents (67.06-75.84 wt%) and were sourced from partial melting of metamorphic greywackes. (2) The similar to 2.53 Ga quartz syenites exhibit the highest alkali contents (10.32-11.23 wt%) and were sourced from mantle-derived basaltic rocks and recycled sediments. (3) The similar to 2.53-2.52 Ga quartz diorites (less-differentiated sanukitoids) formed from partial melting of metasomatized mantle. (4) The similar to 2.53 Ga hornblendites have crystallization ages and Lu-Hf isotopes similar to those of the quartz diorites, implying that they are cogenetic cumulates from the quartz dioritic magmas. (5) The similar to 2.56-2.52 Ga tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) gneisses were formed by melting of thickened crust. (6) The similar to 2.53 Ga high-Mg granodiorites (differentiated sanukitoids) were formed by mixing of crust-mantle melts. (7) The similar to 2.51-2.49 Ga gabbros originated from partial melting of fluid-metasomatized mantle. (8) The similar to 2.54-2.53 Ga high-Mg andesites (boninites) originated from partial melting of refractory mantle that experienced the extraction of basaltic magma at earlier stage and was then enriched in LILEs and LREEs by slab-derived melts. Integrating the petrogenesis of these late Neoarchean diversified granitoids and associated volcanic rocks, we consider that the late Neoarchean was a crucial period of crust-mantle interaction in the WSP, and partial melting of the metasomatized mantle produced intermediate-mafic melts, then underplating of the mantle-derived magmas caused the partial melting of crustal materials, further led to the mixing of crust-mantle magmas. The above complex crust-mantle interactions triggered the transfer of energy and materials from the Earth's interior to the surface, forming modern-like continental crust thickness and geothermal gradient. Moreover, combining late Neoarchean intense granitic magmatism and similar to 2.49 Ga mafic dike swarms implies that the North China Craton experienced cratonization processes at the end of the Neoarchean.