Mouse c-MPL/TPOR ELISA Kit

Thrombopoietin (THPO) is a circulatory cytokine that plays an important role in platelet production. The presence of anti-THPO antibody relates to thrombocytopenia and is rarely seen in hematopoietic and autoimmune diseases. To date, there had been no reports that focused on the anti-THPO antibody in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To evaluate prevalence of the anti-THPO antibody in patients with T2DM and the relationship between anti-THPO antibody and platelet count, a cross-sectional study was performed on 82 patients with T2DM. The anti-THPO antibody was measured by ELISA using preserved sera and detected in 13 patients. The average platelet count was significantly lower in patients with the anti-THPO antibody than in those without the anti-THPO antibody. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed a significant relationship between the anti-THPO antibody and platelet count, after adjusting for other variables. To our best knowledge, this was the first report on the effect of the anti-THPO antibody on platelet count in patients with T2DM. Further investigation is needed to validate the prevalence and pathological significance of the anti-THPO antibody in patients with T2DM.

The immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines is largely governed by nature and the amount of antigen(s) included. Specific immune-stimulating substances, so-called adjuvants, are added to vaccine formulations to enhance and modulate the induced immune response.Adjuvants are very different in their physicochemical nature and are primarily characterized by their immune-enhancing effects. In this report, adjuvants that are components of vaccines licensed in the EU will be presented and their mode of action will be discussed.Aluminum salts have been used for almost acentury as vaccine adjuvants. In recent years numerous novel immune-stimulating substances have been developed and integrated into licensed human vaccines. These novel adjuvants are not only intended to generally increase the vaccine-induced antibody titers, but are also aimed at modulating and triggering aspecific immune response. The search for innovative adjuvants was considerably stimulated during development of pandemic influenza vaccines. By using squalene-containing oil-in-water adjuvants (namely AS03 and MF59), pandemic influenza vaccines were developed that were efficacious despite asignificant reduction of the antigen content.The development of novel adjuvants is ahighly dynamic and essential area in modern vaccine design. Some years ago, vaccines for prevention of HPV-induced cervix carcinoma and hepatitisB were licensed that contained the toll-like receptor4 agonist 3-O-desacyl-monophosphoryl lipidA (MPL), adetoxified LPS version, as the adjuvant. Quite recently, aherpes zoster vaccine was licensed in Europe with acombination of MPL and the saponin QS21 as adjuvant. This combination of immune enhancers is also used in the formulations of the same manufacturer's malaria and hepatitisB vaccine.