Frequent mutation of histone-modifying genes in non-Hodgkin lymphoma
NATURE
Authors: Morin, Ryan D.; Mendez-Lago, Maria; Mungall, Andrew J.; Goya, Rodrigo; Mungall, Karen L.; Corbett, Richard D.; Johnson, Nathalie A.; Severson, Tesa M.; Chiu, Readman; Field, Matthew; Jackman, Shaun; Krzywinski, Martin; Scott, David W.; Trinh, Diane L.; Tamura-Wells, Jessica; Li, Sa; Firme, Marlo R.; Rogic, Sanja; Griffith, Malachi; Chan, Susanna; Yakovenko, Oleksandr; Meyer, Irmtraud M.; Zhao, Eric Y.; Smailus, Duane; Moksa, Michelle; Chittaranjan, Suganthi; Rimsza, Lisa; Brooks-Wilson, Angela; Spinelli, John J.; Ben-Neriah, Susana; Meissner, Barbara; Woolcock, Bruce; Boyle, Merrill; McDonald, Helen; Tam, Angela; Zhao, Yongjun; Delaney, Allen; Zeng, Thomas; Tse, Kane; Butterfield, Yaron; Birol, Inanc; Holt, Rob; Schein, Jacqueline; Horsman, Douglas E.; Moore, Richard; Jones, Steven J. M.; Connors, Joseph M.; Hirst, Martin; Gascoyne, Randy D.; Marra, Marco A.
Abstract
Follicular lymphoma (FL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are the two most common non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs). Here we sequenced tumour and matched normal DNA from 13 DLBCL cases and one FL case to identify genes with mutations in B-cell NHL. We analysed RNA-seq data from these and another 113 NHLs to identify genes with candidate mutations, and then re-sequenced tumour and matched normal DNA from these cases to confirm 109 genes with multiple somatic mutations. Genes with roles in histone modification were frequent targets of somatic mutation. For example, 32% of DLBCL and 89% of FL cases had somatic mutations in MLL2, which encodes a histone methyltransferase, and 11.4% and 13.4% of DLBCL and FL cases, respectively, had mutations in MEF2B, a calcium-regulated gene that cooperates with CREBBP and EP300 in acetylating histones. Our analysis suggests a previously unappreciated disruption of chromatin biology in lymphomagenesis.
Spectrum of MLL2 (ALR) Mutations in 110 Cases of Kabuki Syndrome
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A
Authors: Hannibal, Mark C.; Buckingham, Kati J.; Ng, Sarah B.; Ming, Jeffrey E.; Beck, Anita E.; McMillin, Margaret J.; Gildersleeve, Heidi I.; Bigham, Abigail W.; Tabor, Holly K.; Mefford, Heather C.; Cook, Joseph; Yoshiura, Koh-ichiro; Matsumoto, Tadashi; Matsumoto, Naomichi; Miyake, Noriko; Tonoki, Hidefumi; Naritomi, Kenji; Kaname, Tadashi; Nagai, Toshiro; Ohashi, Hirofumi; Kurosawa, Kenji; Hou, Jia-Woei; Ohta, Tohru; Liang, Deshung; Sudo, Akira; Morris, Colleen A.; Banka, Siddharth; Black, Graeme C.; Clayton-Smith, Jill; Nickerson, Deborah A.; Zackai, Elaine H.; Shaikh, Tamim H.; Donnai, Dian; Niikawa, Norio; Shendure, Jay; Bamshad, Michael J.
Abstract
Kabuki syndrome is a rare, multiple malformation disorder characterized by a distinctive facial appearance, cardiac anomalies, skeletal abnormalities, and mild to moderate intellectual disability. Simplex cases make up the vast majority of the reported cases with Kabuki syndrome, but parent-to-child transmission in more than a half-dozen instances indicates that it is an autosomal dominant disorder. We recently reported that Kabuki syndrome is caused by mutations in MLL2, a gene that encodes a Trithorax-group histone methyltransferase, a protein important in the epigenetic control of active chromatin states. Here, we report on the screening of 110 families with Kabuki syndrome. MLL2 mutations were found in 81/110 (74%) of families. In simplex cases for which DNA was available from both parents, 25 mutations were confirmed to be de novo, while a transmitted MLL2 mutation was found in two of three familial cases. The majority of variants found to cause Kabuki syndrome were novel nonsense or frameshift mutations that are predicted to result in haploinsufficiency. The clinical characteristics of MLL2 mutation-positive cases did not differ significantly from MLL2 mutation-negative cases with the exception that renal anomalies were more common in MLL2 mutation-positive cases. These results are important for understanding the phenotypic consequences of MLL2 mutations for individuals and their families as well as for providing a basis for the identification of additional genes for Kabuki syndrome. (C) 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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