The Activity of Immunoglobulin Y Anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis on Proliferation and Cytokine Expression of Rat Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
PHARMACOGNOSY RESEARCH
Authors: Sudjarwo, Sri Agus; Eraiko, Koerniasari; Sudjarwo, Giftania Wardani; Koerniasari
Abstract
Objective: It has long been known that chickens, like mammals, are capable of producing antigen-specific immunoglobulin Y (IgY), which functions similar to IgG. The present study was performed to investigate the activity of IgY anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis on proliferation, interleukin (IL)-2, and interferon (IFN)-gamma expression of rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Materials and Methods: The activity of IgY anti-M. tuberculosis in different doses (25, 50, and 100 mu g/ml) on rat PBMCs proliferation was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. The production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma in the PBMC supernatant was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Investigation was performed on mRNA expression of IL-2 and IFN-gamma by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: IgY anti-M. tuberculosis significantly increased the proliferation of rat PBMC. Furthermore, IgY anti-M. tuberculosis dose dependently increased IL-2 and IFN-gamma production in PBMC, suggesting that pharmacological activities of IgY anti-M. tuberculosis in PBMC may be mediated by regulating the production of cytokines. In the RT-PCR, expression of cytokines such as IL-2 and IFN-gamma in PBMC cultures was increased by IgY anti-M. tuberculosis. Conclusions: We concluded that increasing IL-2 and IFN-gamma productions in PBMC was related to IgY anti-M. tuberculosis, stimulating the mRNA transcription (gene expression) of these cytokines which can induce proliferation of PBMC.
A distributed intelligent mobile application for analyzing travel big data analytics
PEER-TO-PEER NETWORKING AND APPLICATIONS
Authors: Visuwasam, L. Maria Michael; Raj, D. Paul
Abstract
Data mining and data analytics is promptly growing filed due to the incredible development of Big-Data. One of the financial supporting and economic strength of any government industries is tourist and development. This paper motivated to provide a good solution in social point of view to increase the economical strengths of the country. Some of the existing research works have been proposed a semi-automatic web application for guiding tourist people, but the customer satisfaction is not good. To improve the customer satisfaction, and make use of it, to improve the tourist and development industry, this paper introduced a Cloud Based Distributed algorithm named "I Guide You - (IGY)" is designed and developed as a Mobile Application. In order to access IGY at anywhere by anyone, it is designed as a parallel and distributed algorithm for improving the efficiency in terms of serving to the users. IGY is a peer-to-peer network application, since any device can directly communicate with other device in the network. All the devices connected in the IGY are share equal responsible processing the data. IGY can also be executed parallelly on every mobile device over peer to peer network on distributed travel data available in the internet. The target-location information obtained from distributed cloud, shared and served to multiple processors executing IGY parallelly. IGY is developed as a tourist assistance application anywhere based on internet with N-tier architecture. The experimental results obtained from IGY is comparing with the existing approaches and the performance is evaluated.