Evolution and taxonomy of the wild species of the genus Ovis (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Bovidae)
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION
Authors: Rezaei, Hamid Reza; Naderi, Saeid; Chintauan-Marquier, Ioana Cristina; Taberlet, Pierre; Virk, Amjad Tahir; Naghash, Hamid Reza; Rioux, Delphine; Kaboli, Mohammad; Pompanon, Francois
Abstract
New insights for the systematic and evolution of the wild sheep are provided by molecular phylogenies inferred from Maximum parsimony, Bayesian, Maximum likelihood, and Neighbor-joining methods. The phylogeny of the wild sheep was based on cytochrome b sequences of 290 samples representative of most of the sub-species described in the genus Ovis. The result was confirmed by a combined tree based on cytochrome b and nuclear sequences for 79 Ovis samples representative of the robust clades established with mitochondrial data. Urial and mouflon, which are either considered as a single or two separate species, form two monophyletic groups (O. orientalis and O. vignei). Their hybrids appear in one or the other group, independently from their geographic origin. The European mouflon O. musimon is clearly in the O. orientalis clade. The others species, O. dalli, O. canadensis, O. nivicola, and O. ammon are monophyletic. The results support an Asiatic origin of the genus Ovis, followed by a migration to North America through North-Eastern Asia and the Bering Strait and a diversification of the genus in Eurasia less than 3 million years ago. Our results show that the evolution of the genus Ovis is a striking example of successive speciation events occurring along the migration routes propagating from the ancestral area. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Protein Profiling of Women with Spontaneous Preterm Birth
PHARMACOLOGY
Authors: Mbongo, Langmia Immaculate; Devi, Apalasamy Yamunah; Zain, Shamsul; Omar, Siti Zawiah; Mohamed, Zahurin
Abstract
Background: Preterm birth (PTB) is the largest cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in the world. Ethnicity disparity in the occurrence of PTB has been associated with the cytokine function. In this study, we aimed at examining cytokine levels in women with spontaneous preterm and term births. Method: Women with spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) between 24 and 31 weeks (n = 40) and women with spontaneous term birth between 37 and 41 weeks (n = 40) admitted to the University of Malaya Medical Centre from 2011 to 2013 were involved in this study. Plasma proteins were determined for 35 cytokines using ProcartaPlex (TM) immunoassay. Protein levels were compared between women with SPTB and women with term birth. Result: Six specific cytokines were significantly high among women with SPTB. This includes TNFA (odds ratio (OR) 3.4, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 2.0-6.0, p = 0.001), MCP-3 (OR 2.5, 95% Cl 1.29-4.67, p = 0.007), IL16 (OR 2.4, 95% Cl 1.34-4.30, p = 0.003), IL17A (OR 2.3,95% CI 1.28-4.06, p = 0.005), IFNG (OR 3.8,95% Cl 2.0-8.0, p = 0.001), and farctalkine (OR 2.1, 95% Cl 1.17-4.22, p = 0.031), respectively. Conclusion: This study identifies high levels of specific cytokines in women with RIB. These inflammatory biomarkers may play an important role in the mechanisms that result in uterine contraction and PTB. (C) 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel
COA
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