Human S100P(Protein S100-P) ELISA Kit

Recovery from cardiac surgery is marred for many patients by the development of neurological, psychological or cognitive dysfunction. An uncontrolled inflammatory reaction, in response to surgical stress, may be responsible. To confirm this hypothesis, the present study evaluated chances in the levels of cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid after coronary artery bypass grafting. One week post-operatively, the concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 markedly increased; 6 months after surgery, however, its level normalized with an increased concentration of the anti-inflammatory interleukin-4. This suggests that a regulated immune response may participate in developing adverse neurologic events and complications following cardiac interventions, and cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid may serve as specific biomarkers and predictors of developing cognitive decline after coronary surgery. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

S100P gene encodes a calcium-binding protein expressed in different tumor tissues and is functionally implicated in malignant phenotype. Despite consistent relationship to cancer, regulation of S100P gene expression has remained unexplored. Here we determined the transcription start and defined the S100P core promoter. Using a series of the promoter constructs analyzed by dual luciferase reporter assay, we identified SMAD, STAT/CREB and SP/KLF binding sites as critical cis-elements required for S100P expression in cancer cells. We also demonstrated in EMSA that these elements bind nuclear factors, and showed their functional significance by promoter deletion analysis. This study represents the first coherent contribution to understanding of factors and pathways responsible for S100P gene activation in cancer.