Human ADM(Adrenomedullin) ELISA Kit

A rapid wound healing is beneficial for not only recovering esthetics but also reducing pain, complications and healthcare burdens. For such a purpose, continuous efforts have been taken to develop viable dressing material. Acellular dermal matrix (ADM) paste has been used to repair burn wounds and is shown to promote angiogenesis as well as fibroblast attachment and migration. However, its efficacy still needs to be significantly improved to meet clinical demands for accelerating acute skin wound healing. To approach this problem, we studied the added value of a human salivary peptide - Histatin 1 (Hst1). Hst1 was chosen because of its potency to promote the adhesion, spreading, migration, metabolic activity and cell-cell junction of major skin cells and endothelial cells. In this study, we hypothesized that ADM paste and Hst1 showed a better effect on the healing of surgically created acute skin wounds in mice since ADM paste may act as a slow release system for Hst1. Our results showed that the healing efficacy of 10 mu M topically administrated Hst1 was significantly higher compared to the control (no Hst1, no ADM) from day 3 to day 10 post-surgery. In contrast, ADM alone failed in our system at all time points. Also, the combination of ADM paste and Hst1 did not show a better effect on percentage of wound healing. Histological analysis showed that 10 mu M Hst1 was associated with maximal thickness of newly formed epidermal layer on day 7 as well as the largest collagen area on day 14. In addition, immunohistochemical staining showed that the number of CD31-positive blood vessels in the group of 10 mu M Hst1 was 2.3 times compared to the control. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the groups of 10 mu M Hst1 group and ADM + 10 mu M Hst1 group was significantly higher compared with the control group. Furthermore, 10 mu M Hst1 group was associated with significantly lower levels of CD68-positive macrophage number, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) expression and C-reactive protein (CRP) expression than those of the other groups (control, ADM alone and ADM + 10 mu M Hst1). In contrast, ADM was only associated with significantly lower CD68-positive macrophage number and IL-1 beta expression in comparison with the control. The co-administration of Hst1 and ADM paste did not yield more beneficial effects than Hst1 alone. In conclusion, the topically administrated of 10 mu M Hst1 could be a promising alternative dressing in managing acute wound healing.

Nitrogen (N) supply can limit the yields of soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] in highly productive environments. To explore the physiological mechanisms underlying this limitation, seasonal changes in N dynamics, aboveground dry matter (ADM) accumulation, leaf area index (LAI) and fraction of absorbed radiation (fAPAR) were compared in crops relying only on biological N(2)fixation and available soil N (zero-N treatment)versuscrops receiving N fertilizer (full-N treatment). Experiments were conducted in seven high-yield environments without water limitation, where crops received optimal management. In the zero-N treatment, biological N(2)fixation was not sufficient to meet the N demand of the growing crop from early in the season up to beginning of seed filling. As a result, crop LAI, growth, N accumulation, radiation-use efficiency andfAPAR were consistently higher in the full-N than in the zero-N treatment, leading to improved seed set and yield. Similarly, plants in the full-N treatment had heavier seeds with higher N concentration because of greater N mobilization from vegetative organs to seeds. Future yield gains in high-yield soybean production systems will require an increase in biological N(2)fixation, greater supply of N from soil or fertilizer, or alleviation of the trade-off between these two sources of N in order to meet the plant demand.