From Hellholes to Hell: On Political Agency in Purgatory
POLITICKA MISAO-CROATIAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW
Authors: Kurelic, Zoran
Abstract
In this essay the author creates and discusses an interplay of two incommensurable concepts of evil: Hannah Arendt's radical evil from The Origins of Totalitarianism, and David Lynch's evil presented artistically as "the bad electricity" in Ronnie Rocket. The first concept is related to Hell which Arendt uses in a few essays and in The Origins... In her opinion the first step towards the pure hell of Auschwitz was made in internment camps for stateless refugees. Giorgio Agamben revisits this idea and shows the link between statelessness and superfluousness. For Arendt the road which started with the inability to solve the refugee problem in Europe ended up in a Hell on Earth created in extermination camps. Agamben believes that spaces of extermination which reappeared on the European continent during the wars in former Yugoslavia demonstrate the grim possibility of recreating Hell in Europe. In his extraordinary script for the unmade film Ronnie Rocket, David Lynch creates a fictional hellhole of a city in which the rulers torture the population with bad electricity. The author discusses these two dramatically different visions of hell in order to show how Arendt's radical evil when compared to "the bad electricity" can be understood as a production of Hell, and how Lynch's switching from the bad to good electricity represents a revolutionary change which is simultaneously political and cosmological.
The gene mutations and subtelomeric DNA methylation in immunodeficiency, centromeric instability and facial anomalies syndrome
AUTOIMMUNITY
Authors: Hu, Haochang; Chen, Chujia; Shi, Shanping; Li, Bin; Duan, Shiwei
Abstract
Immunodeficiency, centromeric instability and facial anomalies syndrome (ICF) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, which is characteristic of a severe impairment of immunity. In the genetic aspect, ICF is featured with mutations primarily located in the specific genes (DNMT3B for ICF1, ZBTB24 for ICF2, CDCA7 for ICF3, and HELLS for ICF4). The subtelomeric region is defined as 500 kb at the terminal of each autosomal arm. And subtelomeric DNA fragments can partially regulate key biological activities, including chromosome movement and localization in the nucleus. In this review, we updated and summarized gene mutations in ICF based on the previous review. In addition, we focused on the correlation between subtelomeric DNA methylation and ICF. The relationship between subtelomeric methylation and telomere length in ICF was also summarized.