Human HADH blocking peptide

For the same BMI, South Asians have a higher body fat percentage than Caucasians. There might be differences in the fatty acid (FA) handling in adipose tissue when both ethnicities are exposed to high-fat overfeeding. The objective of the present study was to investigate the molecular adaptation in relation to FA metabolism in response to overfeeding with a high-fat diet (OHFD) in South Asian and Caucasian men. Ten South Asian men (BMI 18-29 kg/m(2)) and ten Caucasian men (BMI 22-33 kg/m(2)), matched for body fat percentage, aged 20-40 years were included. A weight-maintenance diet (30 % fat, 55 % carbohydrate and 15 % protein) was given for 3 d followed by 3 d of overfeeding (150 % energy requirement) with a high-fat diet (60 % fat, 25 % carbohydrate and 15 % protein) while staying in a respiration chamber. Before and after overfeeding, abdominal subcutaneous fat biopsies were taken. Proteins were isolated, analysed and quantified for short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HADH), carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1 alpha (CPT1a), adipose TAG lipase, perilipin A (PLINA), perilipin B, lipoprotein lipase and fatty acid binding protein 4 using Western blotting. OHFD decreased the HADH level (P < 0 center dot 05) in Caucasians more than in Asians (P < 0 center dot 05), but the baseline and after intervention HADH level was relatively higher in Caucasians. The level of CPT1a decreased in South Asians and increased in Caucasians (P < 0 center dot 05). PLINA did not change with diet but the level was higher in South Asians (P < 0 center dot 05). The observed differences in HADH and PLINA levels as well as in CPT1a response may be important for differences in the long-term regulation of energy (fat) metabolism in these populations.

The molecular adaptations that underpin body composition changes and health benefits of intermittent fasting (IF) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) are unclear. The present study investigated these adaptations within the hypothalamus, white adipose and skeletal muscle tissue following 12 weeks of IF and/or HIIT in diet-induced obese mice. Mice (C57BL/6, 8-week-old, males/females) were fed high-fat (59%) and sugar (30%) water (HF/S) for 12 weeks followed by an additional 12 weeks of HF/S plus either IF, HIIT, combination (IF+HIIT) or HF/S only control (CON). Tissues were harvested at 12 and 24 weeks and analysed for various molecular markers. HypothalamicNPYexpression was significantly lower following IF+HIIT compared to CON in females. In adipose tissue, leptin expression was significantly lower following IF and IF+HIIT compared to CON in males and females. Males demonstrated increased markers of fat oxidation (HADH,FABP4) following IF+HIIT, whereas females demonstrated reduced markers of adipocyte differentiation/storage (CIDECandFOXO1) following IF and/or IF+HIIT. In muscle,SIRT1,UCP3, PGC1 alpha, andAS160expression was significantly lower following IF compared to CON in males and/or females. This investigation suggests that males and females undertaking IF and HIIT may prevent weight gain via different mechanisms within the same tissue.