Dapsone [KLH]

Despite the improvement in understanding its pathogenesis and the introduction of novel treatment options, the management of primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) still remains challenging. Considering its increased incidence with aging and prolonged life-expectancy, ITP is often diagnosed in elderly patients, a subset that deserves some special precautions. Ensure the diagnosis is a crucial step, and carefully attention must be given in excluding other causes of thrombocytopenia, especially among older people that frequently suffer from many comorbidities. When it comes to treatment decision, it is worth keeping into account that the elderly have an increased risk of bleeding, thrombosis and infections, that they often require many concomitant therapies, including antiplatelet or anticoagulant agents, and that treatment-related toxicities are often increased and sometimes more dangerous that the disease itself. There are not dedicated guidelines, and only few specific studies. Steroids with or without IVIG remain the first-line treatment. Splenectomy is less effective than in youngers and burdened by an increased thrombotic and infectious risk. Rituximab is a good option in non-immunocompromised patients, but long-term remissions are few. Eltrombopag and romiplostim have a good safety and efficacy profile, and have become a prominent drug in this subset, even if they are associated with a possible increased risk of thrombosis, and long-term toxicity is unknown. Other drugs, such as dapsone and danazol, have a well-known efficacy and safety profile, and still represent a valid option among elderly patients.

Background: Topical tretinoin's role in acne has been established through evidence-based guidelines. Cutaneous irritation and potential to cause or exacerbate postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) may limit use. Objective: Evaluate safety and tolerability of novel polymeric formulation of tretinoin 0.05% lotion in moderate-to-severe acne. Methods: One thousand six hundred and forty patients randomized to tretinoin 0.05% lotion or vehicle in two double-blind placebo-controlled 12-week studies. Investigator-evaluated cutaneous safety (erythema and scaling) and patient-reported tolerability (itching, burning/stinging) assessed using a scale of 0 (none) to 3 (severe). Hyper- and hypo-pigmentation evaluated at each study visit. A number of subpopulations were investigated. Results: Tretinoin 0.05% lotion was considered safe and very well tolerated. Only application site pain (3.1%), dryness (3.7%) and erythema (1.4%) were reported by >1% or patients. Treatment-related adverse events were particularly rare (<= 2%) in Hispanic and male subpopulations, and lower in adult females. The severity of cutaneous safety and tolerability scores remained <0.5 (where 1 = mild) and were generally lower than baseline severity. Tretinoin 0.05% lotion did not appear to cause or exacerbate PIH. Conclusions: A novel polymeric formulation of tretinoin 0.05% lotion provides a highly favorable safety and tolerability profile, with an incidence of erythema, dryness, and skin burning lower than that previously reported with other formulations of tretinoin.