Anti-DCD monoclonal antibody, clone H92

Sugarcane straw is a source of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), which affect soil temperature and moisture and therefore soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from fertilized fields. The use of a nitrification inhibitor (NI) with N fertilizers is an option to reduce N2O production; however, sugarcane straw may interfere with the efficiency of a NI to reduce these losses. We conducted two laboratory studies over nearly 100 days to evaluate the following: (i) the implications of sugarcane straw removal and N fertilization under different temperatures on N2O emissions and (ii) the efficiency of a NI to reduce N2O emissions as determined by straw rates. In the first experiment, the treatments were as follows: N (0 and 100 kg ha(-1)), straw (0 and 8 Mg ha(-1)), and soil temperature (20 and 30 degrees C); in experiment 2, we included another straw rate (16 Mg ha(-1)) and NI dicyandiamide (DCD) (10 kg ha(-1)). Straw increased N2O emissions from N fertilizer by 37-fold and 3-fold in experiments 1 and 2, respectively. The N2O emissions were 62% higher at 20 degrees C than at 30 degrees C, whereas the opposite was observed for CO2 emissions. There was a synergistic effect of straw, which increased the dissolved organic C by more than 50% in the topsoil layer and was positively correlated with N2O emissions. The NI strongly reduced N2O emissions (> 63%) regardless of the straw rate, with no effect on soil respiration. The use of NI is an important strategy to mitigate N2O emissions from N fertilization in sugarcane fields where harvest residues are preserved.

Background: Ex vivo machine perfusion (EVMP) is reported to can successfully be applied for donor heart preservation. To respond to the organ shortage, some centres also accept hearts from marginal donors such as nonheart beating donors (NHBD) or hearts donated after cardiac death (DCD) for heart transplantation (HTx). Clinical as well as preclinical science on EVMP of DCD hearts seems to be promising but the ideal perfusion practice itself appears unclear. Objectives: In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA), this systematic review scopes all EVMP techniques for human and animal DCD heart preservation and addresses three specific questions, which refer to (a) the perfusion solutions, (b) the perfusion parameters and respective target values and (c) if possible, a direct comparison between cold static storage (CSS) and EVMP. Results: Search results predominantly consisted of animal studies. Either perfusion with a crystalloid or bloodbased solution, each with cardioplegic or non-cardioplegic properties was used. Some perfusates were supplemented with specific pharmacological medication to block pathophysiological pathways, which are involved in ischemia/reperfusion injury or edema formation. Besides normothermic EVMP with oxygenated blood, a wide range of temperature was applied in all approaches, with the lowest temperature at 4 degrees C. Pressure controlled anterograde Langendorff perfusion was applied mostly. If investigated, crystalloid machine perfusion was presented superior to CSS. Conclusions: Only blood based EVMP was introduced into clinical practice. More research, clinical as well as preclinical, is needed to develop the ideal EVMP technique, in terms of blood or crystalloid perfusion. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.