Hepatic PGC-1 alpha is not essential for fasting-induced cytochrome p450 regulation in mouse liver
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Authors: Thogersen, Rebekka; Kristensen, Caroline Maag; Olsen, Mette Algot; Bertram, Hanne Christine; Pilegaard, Henriette; Rasmussen, Martin Kroyer
Abstract
Fasting has been shown to regulate the expression of the cytochrome p450 (CYP) enzyme system in the liver. However, the exact mechanism behind the fasting-induced regulation of the CYP's remains unknown. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha), which is a key-regulator of energy metabolism, is responsible for the fasting-induced regulation of the CYP's. Lox/lox and liver specific PGC-1 alpha (LKO) mice of both sexes, fasted for 18 h and the content of the CYP's as well as the hepatic metabolome was assessed. Fasting increased the mRNA content of Cyp2a4, Cyp2e1, Cyp3a11 and Cyp4a10. The fasting-induced response in Cyp4a10 mRNA content was different between lox/lox and LKO mice, while the absence of PGC-1 alpha had no effect on the fasting-induced response for the other Cyp's. Moreover, the fasting-induced response in mRNA content of Sirtinus 1 and Perilipin 2 was different between lox/lox and LKO mice. Only the CYP1A isoform showed a fasting-induced response at the protein level. Absence of hepatic PGC-1 alpha had no effect on the apparent metabolome, where fasting vs fed was the only discriminate in the following multivariate analysis. In conclusion, hepatic PGC-1 alpha is not essential for the fasting-induced regulation of hepatic CYP's.
Cisplatin and farnesol co-encapsulated PLGA nano-particles demonstrate enhanced anti-cancer potential against hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
Authors: Mondal, Jesmin; Khuda-Bukhsh, Anisur Rahman
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) is a potent chemotherapeutic drug, but its severe side-effects often prohibit its use. Combined treatment with CDDP plus Farnesol (FAR) and their co-encapsulated nano form were investigated in in vitro to examine if synergistic cytotoxicity of this combination could reduce unwanted side-effects of CDDP chemotherapy and potentiate CDDP anticancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. After finding combination therapy of CDDP and FAR successfully combat HCC we formulated co-encapsulation of CDDP and FAR within poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer (NCDDPFAR) by following the standardized solvent displacement method. NCDDPFAR treatment caused faster drug mobility, sustained particle release, site-specific action and higher percentage of apoptotic death compared with single drug treatment even at relatively low concentrations. Co-encapsulation of two drugs exhibited additive effects against HCC; FAR reduced CDDP-induced glutathione level by increasing expression of CYP2E1 while CDDP directly interacted with DNA; FAR up-regulated the expression of TopII, thereby promoting DNA breaks and escaping DNA repair machinery. Expression pattern of apoptotic genes like p53, Bax, cytochrome c and caspase-3 suggested that NCDDPFAR induced HCC cell death through mitochondrial intrinsic pathway. Administration of NCDDPFAR had better ability of drug carriage and enhanced anticancer potentials against HCC cells.