Expression of Cyclins and Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors in Granulosa Cells from Bovine Ovary
REPRODUCTION IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS
Authors: Shimizu, T.; Hirai, Y.; Miyamoto, A.
Abstract
Contents The regulation of granulosa cell proliferation is complex, and it is essential for normal follicular development in mammals. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of cyclins and their inhibitors in the granulosa cells of follicles at different developmental stages. Follicles were classified into three groups: oestrogen-inactive dominant follicles (EIDs), oestrogen-active dominant follicles (EADs) and pre-ovulatory follicles (POs). The expression of CCND2 (cyclin D2) mRNA was significantly higher in granulosa cells from EADs and POs than in those from EIDs. The expression of CCND3 (cyclin D3) mRNA was significantly higher in granulosa cells from EADs than in those from other follicles. CCND1 (cyclin D1), CCNE1 (cyclin E1) and CCNE2 (cyclin E2) mRNA expression did not differ among the different follicular stages. The expression of CDKN1A (p21(cip1)) and CDKN1B (p27(kip1)) mRNA was significantly higher in granulosa cells from EIDs and POs, respectively, than in those from other follicles. Expression of CDKN2D (p19(INK4d)) mRNA did not differ among the different follicular stages. Taken together, our study suggested that cyclins and their inhibitors are associated with granulosa cell proliferation at specific follicular developmental stages.
Nonfrozen Preservation of Articular Cartilage by Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Reversibly Regulating Cell Cycle and NF-kappa B Expression
TISSUE ENGINEERING PART A
Authors: Bae, Jung Yoon; Han, Dong-Wook; Matsumura, Kazuaki; Wakitani, Shigeyuki; Nawata, Masashi; Hyon, Suong-Hyu
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) is known to have beneficial effects on the nonfrozen preservation of mammalian cells and tissues. In this study, we aimed at testifying the hypothesis that the deleterious effects of cold preservation of articular cartilages can be ameliorated by the addition of EGCG to the storage media. Articular cartilages were preserved in a storage solution composed of serum-free RPMI 1640 media with 1 mM EGCG at 4 degrees C for 1-4 weeks. The regulatory effects of EGCG on cell cycle progression as well as expression levels of CyCliNS (CCNs) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) were investigated in articular chondrocytes. Chondrocyte viability of cartilages preserved with EGCG was significantly well maintained for 2 weeks with high contents of glycosaminoglycan and total collagen. These beneficial effects of EGCG were confirmed by histological and immunohistochemical observations showing well-preserved cartilaginous structures and delayed denaturation of extracellular matrices. The compressive elastic modulus of cartilages preserved with EGCG was close to that of fresh specimens. Increased cell population at the G(0)/G(1) phase by EGCG returned to the normal level after EGCG removal, whereas decrease at the G(2)/M phase did not. Negatively regulated expression of CCND1, CCNE2, or NF-kappa B in EGCG-treated cells was restored by removing EGCG, but not CCNA2 and CCNB1. After 8 weeks of in vivo implantation into full-thickness cartilage defects in rabbits, the cartilages preserved with EGCG were found to be integrated with the host environment and support tissue regeneration. It is suggested that EGCG plays effective roles in preserving and repairing articular cartilages by reversibly regulating cell cycle at G(0)/G(1) phase and NF-kappa B expression.