General Description
Carnation mottle virus (CarMV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Tombusviridae. The origin of Carnation mottle virus (CarMV) is unknown. The virus was first detected in the UK, into which it was probably introduced in commercial stocks of carnations and/or pinks. It was described by Kassanis (1955) and Hollings & Stone (1970).
CarMV is an RNA-containing virus with isometric particles about 32-35 nm in diameter that mainly infects species in the Caryophyllaceae. It is transmitted mechanically but has no known vector. The virus is the type species of the genus Carmovirus which comprises 14 definitive and 8 tentative species and, together with seven additional genera (Tombusvirus, Dianthovirus, Aureusvirus, Avenavirus, Necrovirus, Panicovirus and Machlomovirus), is included in the family Tombusviridae (Lommel et al., 2005). The generic name is derived from the name of the type species, CARnation MOttle VIRUS.
Depending on cultivar and/or environmental conditions, typical strains of the virus induce mild mottling in the young leaves and faint chlorosis in mature leaves of carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus) and pinks (Dianthus barbatus). In some carnation cultivars, the quality and quantity of cut flowers is reduced (Calderon & Arbelaez, 1999). In Begonia elatior and Begonia × cheimantha CarMV induces vein clearing and curling of leaves and flower breaking (Anonymous, 1984; Paludan & Begtrup, 1985). The leaves of Calla lily (Zantedeschia spp.) develop yellow mottling, yellow ringspot and a general mosaic (Chen et al., 2003b). The virus occurs symptomlessly in infected lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and Daphne × burkwoodii and Daphne odora (Tomlinson & Faithfull, 1976; Morris-Krsinich & Milne, 1977).
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