Benzophenone [BSA]

Three polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS)-modified thioxanthone (TX) visible macrophotoinitiators (TX-PMHSs) were designed and prepared by the partially hydrosilylation of 2-allyl(methyl)amino-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (TX-A) and PMHS. Their characteristics of photopolymerization, photolysis, reduction of oxygen inhibition and the modification of the polymer materials were discussed. As sole-component visible photoinitiators, TX-PMHSs could even initiate 1, 6-hexanedioldiacrylate (HDDA) polymerization in the air atmosphere. Moreover, TX-PMHSs changed the surface wettability property of the cured polyurethane diacrylate prepolymer (PUA) film, and improved the thermal stability of the polymer network. Thus, this work provided an efficient strategy to decrease oxygen inhibition and improve the cured polymer material properties.

We evaluated the relationships between the use of individual personal care products (PCPs) and food items with the urinary Methylparaben (MP), Ethylparaben (EP), Propylparaben (PP) and Butylparaben (BP) among 178 Iranian adults. The urinary concentrations of parabens were found to be significantly different between low, medium, and high users of PCPs (P < 0.05). The frequency of PCP use was associated with higher urinary MP, PPand BP concentrations. Significant positive association was found between the frequency of food products use and urinary MP and EP concentrations. The urinary concentration of parabens was higher in individuals who used body wash, makeup base, shaving cream and, lotion in the past 24 h compared to non-users. Consumers of cookies and dairy products had significantly higher urinary MP and jelly consumers had higher urinary MP and PP concentrations than non-consumers. Our findings indicated that certain types of foods and PCPs could be important sources of exposure to parabens.