Vitamin D Merging into Immune System-Skeletal Muscle Network: Effects on Human Health
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
Authors: Crescioli, Clara
Abstract
The concept that extra-skeletal functions of vitamin D impact on human health have taken place since quite ago. Among all, the beneficial effects of vitamin D on immune regulation, skeletal muscle function, and metabolism are undeniable. Adequate vitamin D levels maintain the immune system and skeletal muscle metabolism integrity, promoting whole-body homeostasis; hypovitaminosis D associates with the important decline of both tissues and promotes chronic inflammation, which is recognized to underlie several disease developments. Growing evidence shows that the immune system and skeletal muscle reciprocally dialogue, modulating each other's function. Within this crosstalk, vitamin D seems able to integrate and converge some biomolecular signaling towards anti-inflammatory protective effects. Thus, vitamin D regulation appears even more critical at the immune system-muscle signaling intersection, rather than at the single tissue level, opening to wider/newer opportunities in clinical applications to improve health. This paper aims to focus on the immune system-skeletal muscle interplay as a multifaceted target for vitamin D in health and disease after recalling the main regulatory functions of vitamin D on those systems, separately. Some myokines, particularly relevant within the immune system/skeletal muscle/vitamin D networking, are discussed. Since vitamin D supplementation potentially offers the opportunity to maintain health, comments on this issue, still under debate, are included.
Effects of maternal vitamin D-3 concentration during pregnancy on adipogenic genes expression and serum biochemical index in offspring piglets
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES
Authors: Guo, L.; Miao, Z.; Ma, H.; Melnychuk, S.
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different vitamin D-3 concentrations in sows during pregnancy on adipogenic genes expression in musculus longissimus dorsi tissue and serum biochemical parameters in their piglets. In total 27 pregnant sows (41st day of pregnancy) were randomly divided into low vitamin D-3 (LD), normal vitamin D-3 (ND) and high vitamin D-3 (HD) groups with 9 sows in each, and maintained on these diets throughout pregnancy till giving birth. Animals in LD, ND and HD groups were fed 200, 800 and 3200 IU of vitamin D-3/kg basal diet, respectively. From parturition to weaning (28 days of piglet life), all lactating sows were fed ND diet. At 28-day of life, 6 offspring pigs with similar body weight in each group (2 offspring pigs per replicate, sex balance) were weighed and slaughtered to investigate adipogenic genes expression and serum biochemical index. It was shown that piglets born in LD group had higher PPARG expression, serum IGF-I, FT3 and FT4 concentrations, while lower VDR and ZFP423 expressions, serum leptin, 25(OH)D and insulin levels than those born in ND and HD groups (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, FAS expression and FAS/HSL ratio in piglets born in HD group were higher than in those born in LD and ND groups (P < 0.05). So, it is suggested that maternal vitamin D-3 concentration influenced adipocyte commitment and differentiation of musculus longissimus dorsi in piglets by altering adipogenic genes expression and serum biochemical parameters concentration.