Anti-UBD (full length) polyclonal antibody

alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase (alpha 3GaIT, EC 2.4.1.151) is a Golgi-resident, type IT transmembrane protein that transfers galactose from UDP-alpha -galactose to the terminal N-acetyllactosamine unit of glycoconjugate glycans, producing the Gal alpha1,3Gal beta1,4GlcNAc oligosaccharide structure present in most mammalian glycoproteins. Unlike most other mammals, humans and Old World primates do not possess alpha 3GalT activity, which is relevant for the hyperacute rejection observed in pig-to-human xenotransplantation, The crystal structure of the catalytic domain of substrate-free bovine alpha 3GalT, solved and refined to 2.3 Angstrom resolution, has a globular shape with an alpha/beta fold containing a narrow cleft on one face, and shares a UDP-binding domain (UBD) with the recently solved inverting glycosyltransferases. The substrate-bound complex, solved and refined to 2.5 Angstrom, allows the description of residues interacting directly with UDP-galactose. These structural data suggest that the strictly conserved residue E317 is likely to be the catalytic nucleophile involved in galactose transfer with retention of anomeric configuration as accomplished by this enzyme. Moreover, the alpha 3GalT structure helps to identify amino acid residues that determine the specificities of the highly homologous ABO histo-blood group and glycosphingolipid glycosyltransferases.

Following successful implementation of underbalanced drilling (UBD) in Petroleum Development Oman (PDO), an evaluation of the value of UBD in a carbonate field was commissioned. The study showed that there was a production upside to developing the reservoir with UBD. A four-well trial campaign was conducted between June and October 2004 to assess the potential. The trial campaign was implemented following a structured program built from PDO's previous experience. During this campaign, a reservoir-characterization (RC) system allowing identification of multiple high-permeability features was developed. Water-shutoff devices were installed in two wells on the basis of the results of the RC system. Production from the four wells was equivalent to or greater than the field average, and the campaign scope has been increased. The campaign was also a stepping stone toward the goal of integrating UBD, RC, and watershutoff techniques.