Anti-THEMIS (C-terminal) polyclonal antibody

Plasmapause and plasmasphere simulations have been developed at BIRA-IASB to better understand the physical mechanisms implicated in this region of the inner magnetosphere. The simulations include convection and co-rotation and can also take into account the interchange mechanism for the formation of the plasmapause. The simulations show an inward motion of the plasmapause when the geomagnetic activity increases, in good agreement with satellite observations. A plume is formed in the afternoon and dusk Magnetic Local Time (MLT) sectors during geomagnetic storms. Comparisons with observations of different satellites including IMAGE, CRRES, CLUSTER, THEMIS and KAGUYA show an excellent agreement with the simulations including co-rotation, convection with E5D electric field and interchange. These simulations can be run for any date on the space weather portal www.spaceweather.eu.

Following our previous study of Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) data, we consider intermittent turbulence in the magnetosheath depending on various conditions of the magnetized plasma behind the Earth's bow shock and now also near the magnetopause. Namely, we look at the fluctuations of the components of the Elsasser variables in the plane perpendicular to the scale-dependent background magnetic fields and along the local average ambient magnetic fields. We have shown that Alfven fluctuations often exhibit strong anisotropic non-gyrotropic turbulent intermittent behavior resulting in substantial deviations of the probability density functions from a normal Gaussian distribution with a large kurtosis. In particular, for very high Alfvenic Mach numbers and high plasma beta, we have clear anisotropy with non-Gaussian statistics in the transverse directions. However, along the magnetic field, the kurtosis is small and the plasma is close to equilibrium. On the other hand, intermittency becomes weaker for moderate Alfven Mach numbers and lower values of the plasma parameter beta. It also seems that the degree of intermittency of turbulence for the outgoing fluctuations propagating relative to the ambient magnetic field is usually similar as for the ingoing fluctuations, which is in agreement with approximate equipartition of energy between these oppositely propagating Alfven waves. We believe that the different characteristics of this intermittent anisotropic turbulent behavior in various regions of space and astrophysical plasmas can help identify nonlinear structures responsible for deviations of the plasma from equilibrium.