Anti-TCAP (aa 8-82) polyclonal antibody

The teneurin C-terminal associated peptides (TCAP) are a recently discovered family of bioactive peptides that can attenuate aspects of the behavioral stress responses of rats. Because TCAP has some structural similarity to the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of peptides, and modulates elements of the stress response, TCAP may act to modulate CRF actions in vivo. This hypothesis was tested by investigating anxiety-related behaviors in male rats following repeated intravenous (IV) TCAP-1 administration with either an acute intracerebroventricular (ICV) or IV CRF challenge. TCAP-1 alone did not affect behavioral responses significantly, however did significantly affect CRF-regulated behaviors depending on CRF's mode of injection. In both the elevated plus-maze and the open field tests, TCAP-1 had an anxiolytic effect on ICV CRF responses as indicated by decreased stretched- attend postures in the elevated plus maze (p < 0.05), and increased center time and center entries in the open field (p < 0.05). However, prior TCAP-1 treatment has an anxiogenic effect on the IV CRF-induced behaviors (decreased center entries and total distance in the open field (p < 0.05)). TCAP-1's actions are not mediated through acute changes in glucocorticoid levels and may occur via a central action in the brain. A fluorescently (FITC)-labeled TCAP-1 analog was IV-administered to investigate whether IV TCAP-1 has the potential to regulate central mechanisms by crossing the blood-brain barrier. FITC-TCAP-1 was detected in blood vessels and fibers in the brain indicating that uptake into the brain is a possible route for its interaction with CRF and its receptors. Thus, TCAP may modulate CRF-associated behaviors by a direct action in the CNS. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ground-based remote sensing and in situ observations of aerosol microphysical and optical properties have been collected during summertime (June-August, 2012) as part of the Two-Column Aerosol Project (TCAP; http://campaign.arm.gov/tcap/), which was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program (http://www.arm.gov/). The overall goal of the TCAP field campaign is to study the evolution of optical and microphysical properties of atmospheric aerosol transported from North America to the Atlantic and their impact on the radiation energy budget. During TCAP, the ground-based ARM Mobile Facility (AMF) was deployed on Cape Cod, an arm-shaped peninsula situated on the easternmost portion of Massachusetts (along the east coast of the United States) and that is generally downwind of large metropolitan areas. The AMF site was equipped with numerous instruments for sampling aerosol, cloud and radiative properties, including a Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR), a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS), an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS), and a three-wavelength nephelometer. In this study we present an analysis of diurnal and day-to-day variability of the column and near-surface aerosol properties obtained from remote sensing (MFRSR data) and ground-based in situ measurements (SMPS, APS, and nephelometer data). In particular, we show that the observed diurnal variability of the MFRSR aerosol optical depth is strong and comparable with that obtained previously from the AERONET climatology in Mexico City, which has a larger aerosol loading. Moreover, we illustrate how the variability of aerosol properties impacts the direct aerosol radiative forcing at different time scales.