This gene encodes a secreted, homodimeric glycoproteinthat is expressed in a wide variety of tissues and may haveautocrine or paracrine functions. The encoded protein has 10 of its15 cysteine residues conserved among stanniocalcin family membersand is phosphorylated by casein kinase 2 exclusively on its serineresidues. Its C-terminus contains a cluster of histidine residueswhich may interact with metal ions. The protein may play a role inthe regulation of renal and intestinal calcium and phosphatetransport, cell metabolism, or cellular calcium/phosphatehomeostasis. Constitutive overexpression of human stanniocalcin 2in mice resulted in pre- and postnatal growth restriction, reducedbone and skeletal muscle growth, and organomegaly. Expression ofthis gene is induced by estrogen and altered in some breastcancers.
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