Anti-S. pombe HTB1 polyclonal antibody

Ubiquitylation is a form of post-translational modification of proteins that can alter localization, functionality, degradation, or transcriptional activity within a cell. E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (UBC) and E3 ubiquitin ligases are the primary determinants of substrate specificity in the context of ubiquitin conjugation. Multiubiquitination modifies target proteins for 26S proteasome degradation, while monoubiquitination controls protein activation and localization. At present, research on the monoubiquitination, especially histone monoubiquitination, has mostly focused on model plants with relatively few on crop species. In this study, we identified 91UBC-like genes in soybean. The chromosomal localization, phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, and putative cis-acting elements were evaluated. Furthermore, the tissue-specific expression patterns ofUBCClass I genes under drought stress were also investigated. Among Class I genes,GmUBC9induction in response to drought stress was evident, and so this gene was selected for further analysis. GmUBC9 localized to the nucleus and endoplasmic reticulum. The overexpression ofGmUBC9inArabidopsisled to enhanced tolerance for drought conditions across a range of stages of development, while overexpression in soybean hairy roots similarly led to improvements in tolerance for drought conditions, increased proline content, and reduced MDA content in soybean seedlings compared to wild type plants. HISTONE MONOUBIQUITINATION 2 (HUB2), an E3-like protein involved in histone H2B ubiquitylation (H2Bub1), was found to interact with GmUBC9 through Y2H analysis and BiFC assays inArabidopsisand soybean. Under drought conditions, the level of H2Bub1 increased, and transcription of drought response genes was activated inGmUBC9transgenicArabidopsisand soybean. In addition,GmUBC9transgenicArabidopsisand soybean showed a late-flowering phenotype and had increased expression levels of the flowering related genesFLCandMAF4. These findings indicate that GmUBC9 is important for drought stress response and regulation of flowering time in soybean.

Astrocyte has crucial roles in the central nervous system and accumulating evidence has shown its core function for brain complexity, plasticity and cognition. However, the essential key factors in the precise regulation of astrocytic differentiation remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we identified that RNF20, an E3 ligase of H2BK120 in the mammalian system, regulates astrocyte production from neural precursor cells. RNF20 deficiency by shRNA knockdown or deletion in conditional knockout mice impairs the astrocytic differentiation. Overexpression of RNF20 promotes astrocytic differentiation and can rescue the astrocyte production deficiency caused by RNF20 disruption. Furthermore, we demonstrate that RNF20 functions cooperatively with acetyltransferase MOF to promote astrocytic generation. RNF20-mediated H2Bub1 cooperating with MOF-mediated H4K16ac activates the transcription of Stat3. Together, these data indicate RNF20 is a critical regulator of astrocytic production, which may contribute to the understanding of neurological disorders with glial dysgenesis.