Anti-Ras (mutation Q61L) Monoclonal Antibody, clone XH111

Lacustrine sediments provide an excellent opportunity to study climate change beyond the instrumental period and further to elucidate its intrinsic interactions with ecosystem. However, the radiocarbon (C-14)-based chronological framework of such natural archives, on which robust interpretation of geochemical proxies primarily depends, is commonly challenged due to the difficulty in properly correcting carbon reservoir effect. Here we combine new and existing C-14 dates on total organic carbon (TOC) in two sediment cores from Lake Qinghai and Manas, northwest China, to evaluate the reservoir effect (expressed by reservoir age, RA) over the past similar to 1500 years. Generally, these two cores characterize RA values ranging from similar to 2100 to 4200 and from similar to 350 to 2100 years respectively. Straightforward comparison with paleorecords generated from the same cores indicates a close correlation between RA changes and lake level fluctuations on multi-centennial timescales. Our results suggest that lake level changes (or hydrological variations), which are expected to control the relative input of terrigenous old carbon, merit careful consideration to reduce dating uncertainty. It is essential to select TOC samples across discrete depths, under the control of similar lake status, to allow comparable RAs and, as a result, to establish reliable chronology.

Hypertension is highly prevalent, but its pharmacological management has not been well evaluated in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This review examined the prescribing patterns of antihypertensives in LMICs. Data were extracted from a total of 26 studies spanning the time period 2000 to 2018. In 10 studies, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) were the most frequently prescribed medication for managing hypertension (range = 33% to 72%); in 6 studies, renin angiotensin system (RAS) blockers (range = 25% to 83%); in 5 studies, diuretics (range = 39% to 99%); and in 5 studies, beta-blockers (BBs; range = 26% to 49%) were the most commonly prescribed antihypertensive medications. Prescribing sedatives and sublingual administration of captopril for controlling hypertension was also reported in 3 studies. Only 10 studies presented their findings in light of national or international guidelines. This review calls for further antihypertensive utilization and dispensation studies and a better understanding of clinician's perception and practice of hypertension management guidelines in LMICs.