THE FIRST-INTRON OF HUMAN C-FMS PROTOONCOGENE CONTAINS A PROCESSED PSEUDOGENE (RPL7P) FOR RIBOSOMAL-PROTEIN-L7
GENOMICS
Authors: SAPI, E; FLICK, MB; KACINSKI, BM
Abstract
During sequence analysis of the first intron of the human c-fms oncogene, we identified an open reading frame encoding the ribosomal protein L7 (RPL7). The presence of this sequence within intron 1 of the c-fms gene was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization and by sequence analysis of two independent cosmid clones (cos2-e and cos1-22) that span the human genomic c-fms locus. The RPL7 sequence was detected in a region of sequence overlapped by the cos2-e and cos1-22 cosmid clones but oriented opposite to the c-fms gene. We demonstrated that the sequence is identical to the full-length RPL7 cDNA sequence, but lacks any recognizable introns, has a 30-bp poly(A) tail, and is bracketed by two perfect direct repeats of 14 bp. We also showed that despite the fact that the 5' flanking region of the RPL7 sequence contains a potential TATA box upstream of an intact open reading frame, this pseudogene (RPL7P) is not actively transcribed. (C) 1994 Academic Press, Inc.
Targeted detection of Dehalococcoides mccartyi microbial protein biomarkers as indicators of reductive dechlorination activity in contaminated groundwater
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
Authors: Solis, Manuel I. Villalobos; Abraham, Paul E.; Chourey, Karuna; Swift, Cynthia M.; Loffler, Frank E.; Hettich, Robert L.
Abstract
Dehalococcoides mccartyi (Dhc) bacterial strains expressing active reductive dehalogenase (RDase) enzymes play key roles in the transformation and detoxification of chlorinated pollutants, including chlorinated ethenes. Site monitoring regimes traditionally rely on qPCR to assess the presence of Dhc biomarker genes; however, this technique alone cannot directly inform about dechlorination activity. To supplement gene-centric approaches and provide a more reliable proxy for dechlorination activity, we sought to demonstrate a targeted proteomics approach that can characterize Dhc mediated dechlorination in groundwater contaminated with chlorinated ethenes. Targeted peptide selection was conducted in axenic cultures of Dhc strains 195, FL2, and BAV1. These experiments yielded 37 peptides from housekeeping and structural proteins (i.e., GroEL, EF-TU, rpL7/L2 and the S-layer), as well as proteins involved in the reductive dechlorination activity (i.e., FdhA, TceA, and BvcA). The application of targeted proteomics to a defined bacterial consortium and contaminated groundwater samples resulted in the detection of FdhA peptides, which revealed active dechlorination with Dhc strain-level resolution, and the detection of RDases peptides indicating specific reductive dechlorination steps. The results presented here show that targeted proteomics can be applied to groundwater samples and provide protein level information about Dhc dechlorination activity.