Magic™ Anti-NDV Monoclonal antibody, Clone N29723OX4

Background: Virulent Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) causes great economic losses to the poultry industry throughout the world. Despite the endemicity of Newcastle disease (ND) and occurrence of recurrent outbreaks, the nature and genetic features of circulating NDV strains in Iran are largely unknown. Aims: This study was conducted to characterize 13 NDV isolates obtained from different outbreaks in various regions of Iran during 1999-2000 by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of complete coding sequences of haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) gene. Methods: All isolates were analyzed based on the previously determined in vivo pathogenicity indices and amino acid (aa) sequences of fusion (F) protein cleavage site (FPCS). Results: Phylogenetic analysis based on the HN gene coding region revealed a very close relationship of these viruses with the recently defined genotype XIII, and more specifically, subgenotype XIIIa viruses. Analysis of HN gene nucleotide (nt) sequences revealed that all studied isolates encode for a protein length of 571 aa and there is no C-terminal extension on HN aa sequences. Sequence analysis revealed multiple aa residue substitutions at antigenic sites or neutralizing epitopes on the HN glycoprotein of studied viruses compared with commonly used vaccinal strains. Conclusion: In this study, molecular characterization of vNDV isolates, obtained from commercial poultry farms in Iran, were conducted through complete sequencing and analysis of HN gene. Isolation and molecular characterization of further NDV isolates from other parts of Iran and from neighboring countries in the region will be helpful to identify the nature and origin of indigenous viruses.

This study mainly explored the immunomodulatory mechanisms of the probioticBacillus cereusPAS38 (PB) on broiler spleen. A total of 120 avian white feather broilers were randomly divided into 4 groups (N = 30), as follows: control (CNTL, fed with basal diet), PB (fed with diet supplemented with probioticB. cereusPAS38), vaccine (VAC, fed with basal diet and injected with Newcastle disease virus vaccine), and vaccine + PB group (PBVAC, fed with basal diet supplemented withB. cereusPAS38 and injected with NDV vaccine). The experiment was conducted for 42 days. Twelve spleens were collected from four different groups, weighed, and cut into histological sections, and transcriptome analysis was performed using RNA-seq. Results of the spleen and histological section relative weights showed that feeding with probioticB. cereusPAS38 and vaccination had a similar tendency to promote spleen development. Compared with the CNTL group, 21 immune-related genes were significantly downregulated in the PB and PBVAC groups. These genes were mainly involved in attenuating inflammatory response. The upregulated antimicrobial peptide NK-lysin and guanylate-binding protein 1 expression levels indicated that this strain enhanced the body's antimicrobial capacity.B. cereusPAS38 also amplified the broilers' immune response to the vaccine, which mainly reflected on nonspecific immunity. Hence, probioticB. cereusPAS38 can regulate and promote the immune function of broilers.