Anti-S. aureus MRSA Monoclonal antibody, Clone OZS-OSTB

Objectives Hospital antibiotic consumption is measured using defined-daily-doses (DDD) divided by bed days. However,other denominators as discharges could provide a more accurate interpretation of consumption. The main objective was to analyze trends of antibiotic consumption among hospitals in Catalonia during the period 2008-2016, using both DDD/100 bed days and DDD/100 discharges. Methods Retrospective, descriptive, and longitudinal study performed among acute care hospitals affiliated to VINCat Program. Antibiotic consumption was expressed using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/DDD classification and trends with a mixed linear model. Trends after using both DDD/100 bed days and DDD/100 discharges were determined and compared. Results Overall antibiotic consumption from 2008 to 2016 increased by 10.24% (P< 0.001) DDD/100 bed days, but remained stable (-0.87%,P= 0.051) in DDD/100 discharges. Although DDD and discharges remained unchanged, a significant reduction in bed days (-9.63%) and length of stay (-8.19%) was observed. A worrisome increase in the consumption of carbapenems and anti-MRSA drugs was noticed. Conclusion Whereas a significant upward trend in antibiotic consumption in DDD/100 bed days was noticed, DDD/100 discharges remained stable. The description of both indicators seems therefore essential for a correct interpretation of data.

The emergence of hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) as a main cause of nosocomial infections is a global health problem. The present study was conducted to reveal the prevalence of MRSA in intensive care units (ICUs) based on biofilm formation ability and genetic diversity in agr and coa genes. A total of 85 MRSA isolates were analyzed by molecular typing of agr and coa genes from different clinical sources in ICUs using Multiplex PCR and PCR-RFLP methods, respectively. Biofilm formation of all MRSA isolates was investigated using phenotypic and genomic methods. Among 85 isolated MRSA, majority of isolates were belonged to agr type I (71.8%) followed by agr types II (7.1%). PCR-RFLP coa typing revealed 5 different coa types and 13 RFLP patterns. Meanwhile, 51.8% of isolates were strong biofilm formative which were among hospitalized patients 54.5%, and medical staff 75%. Additionally, among 85 MRSA isolates, 60 (70.6%) and 53 (62.4%) isolates had icaA and icaD genes respectively. Moreover 39 (45.9%) of MRSA isolates had both genes, while 11 (13%) isolates had no studied genes. Based on our findings there is no correlation between biofilm formation and the presence of specific types of the agr and coa genes among MRSA clinical isolates. In conclusion, genetic diversity in agr and coa types indicated the presence of various clones of MRSA in our studied ICUs. High prevalence of MRSA strains with agr type I and strong ability of biofilm formation could be most considered as necessity of performance effective infection control policy.