Modified Rapeseed Oil/Al-Montmorillonite Composite Material: Preparation and Application in Leather Collagen
SCIENCE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS
Authors: Lyu, Bin; Wang, Yue-Feng; Ma, Jian-Zhong; Gao, Dang-Ge
Abstract
In this study, montmorillonite (MMT) was modified by aluminium sulfate via ions exchange method and aluminium-montmorillonite (Al-MMT) was obtained. Al-MMT was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicated that the interlayer spacing of MMT increased from 1.26 nm to 1.55 nm after being modified by Al3+. Then Al-MMT was introduced to modified rapeseed oil by an in-situ method. The results of TGA and XRD indicated that modified rapeseed oil (MRO) could smoothly enter the interlayer of Al-MMT and modified rapeseed oil/Al-montmorillonite (MRO/Al-MMT) composite material was prepared successfully. Finally, MRO/Al-MMT composite material was applied in the leather fatliquoring process of goatskin garment. Physical and mechanical properties and flame retardant performance of leather fatliquored by MRO/Al-MMT composite material were improved compared with those of leather fatliquored by MRO. And MRO/Al-MMT composite material was easily biodegradable compared with MRO.
Daily global mapping of Mars ozone column abundances with MARCI UV band imaging
ICARUS
Authors: Clancy, R. Todd; Wolff, Michael J.; Lefevre, Franck; Cantor, Bruce A.; Malin, Michael C.; Smith, Michael D.
Abstract
Since November of 2006, The Mars Color Imager (MARCI) onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has obtained multiple-filter daily global images of Mars centered upon a local time (LT) of 3 pm. Ultraviolet imaging bands placed within (260 nm) and longward (320 nm) of Hartley band (240-300 nm) ozone (O-3) absorption support retrievals of atmospheric ozone columns, with detection limits (similar to 1 mu m-atm) appropriate to mapping elevated O-3 abundances at low latitudes around Mars aphelion, and over mid-to-high latitudes during fall/winter/spring seasons. MARCI O-3 maps for these regions reveal the detailed spatial (similar to 1 degrees lat/long, for 8 x 8 pixel binned resolution) and temporal (daily, with substantial LT coverage at pole) behaviors of water vapor saturation conditions that force large variations in water vapor photolysis products (HOx-OH, HO2, and H) responsible for the catalytic destruction of O-3 in the Mars atmosphere. A detailed description of the MARCI O-3 data set, including measurement and retrieval characteristics, is provided in conjunction with comparisons to Mars Express SPICAM ozone measurements (Perrier, S. et al. [2006].J. Geophys. Res. (Planets) 111) and LMD GCM simulated O-3 abundances (Lefevre, F. 12004].J. Geophys. Res. (Planets) 109). Presented aspects of the MARCI ozone mapping data set include aphelion increases in low latitude O-3, dynamically evolving high latitude O-3 maxima associated with planetary waves and weather fronts during northern early spring, and distinctive winter/spring O-3 and CO increases within the Hellas Basin associated with transport of condensationenhanced south polar air mass. Comparisons of coincident MARC! measurements and LMD simulations for ice cloud and O-3 columns are considered in the context of potential heterogeneous photochemical processes (Lefevre, F. [2008]. Nature 454,971-975), which are not strongly evidenced in the MARCI observations. Modest interannual variations are exhibited, most notably a 20% reduction in aphelion low latitude O-3 columns following the 2007 perihelic global dust storm. (c) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.