EFFECT OF FOLIAR SPRAYING WITH GIBBERELLIC AND HUMIC ACID ON WHEAT GROWTH
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND STATISTICAL SCIENCES
Authors: Mahmood, R. S. H.; Zeboon, N. H.
Abstract
A field experiment was carried out in the field of experiments college of Agriculture Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Jadriya at winter season 2017-2018 in order to study the effect of gibberellic and humic acid on some wheat growth traits (Ipa 95 var.). A factorial experiment was applied according to the random complete block design with three replicates, included two factors, the first was three concentration from gibberellic acid (200, 300, 400) mgL(-1) in addition to control treatment, which sprinkled with water at most. The second factor was at three concentration from humic (1, 2, 3) mlL(-1) as well control treatment, which sprinkled with water only. Two factors were sprayed at stage of booting. The result of experiment showed that the growth trait increased by foliar spraying with gibberellic and humic acid and interaction between them and the superior concentration of which 400 mgL(-1) from gibberellicacid, which didn't significantly differ from 300 mg L-1 on some traits.
Modulating Protein-Protein Interactions with Visible-Light-Responsive Peptide Backbone Photoswitches
CHEMBIOCHEM
Authors: Albert, Lea; Penalver, Alberto; Djokovic, Nemanja; Werel, Laura; Hoffarth, Malte; Ruzic, Dusan; Xu, Jing; Essen, Lars-Oliver; Nikolic, Katarina; Dou, Yali; Vazquez, Olalla
Abstract
Life relies on a myriad of carefully orchestrated processes, in which proteins and their direct interplay ultimately determine cellular function and disease. Modulation of this complex crosstalk has recently attracted attention, even as a novel therapeutic strategy. Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of two visible-light-responsive peptide backbone photoswitches based on azobenzene derivatives, to exert optical control over protein-protein interactions (PPI). The novel peptidomimetics undergo fast and reversible isomerization with low photochemical fatigue under alternatively blue-/green-light irradiation cycles. Both bind in the nanomolar range to the protein of interest. Importantly, the best peptidomimetic displays a clear difference between isomers in its protein-binding capacity and, in turn, in its potential to inhibit enzymatic activity through PPI disruption. In addition, crystal structure determination, docking and molecular dynamics calculations allow a molecular interpretation and open up new avenues in the design and synthesis of future photoswitchable PPI modulators.