Towards an enhanced temporal flexibility of the GRP flood forecasting operational model
HOUILLE BLANCHE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DE L EAU
Authors: Viatge, Julie; Pinna, Thomas; Ficchi, Andrea; Perrin, Charles; Dorchies, David; Garandeau, Lea; Tilmant, Francois
Abstract
Nowadays, flood forecasting is often done at the hourly time step, which is a good compromise between data availability and the necessary resolution to simulate flood events. However, in a number of cases, this fixed time step shows limitations, and shorter (or even larger) time steps are required. Therefore, it is necessary to have hydrological models able to adapt to various time steps. Generally, this adaptation does not limit to a simple change of the length of the time step in the model equations. The time-step dependency must be made explicit in some model parameters, and the model structure must also be adapted to consistently represent processes across time steps. The article presents the adaptation of the GRP hydrological model, which is widely used by flood forecasting services in operational conditions in France, so that it can behave and run consistently at different time steps. The tests were made on a set of 240 French catchments.
Bombesin Receptor Subtype-3 in Human Diseases
ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
Authors: Li, Mei; Liang, Peng; Liu, Di; Yuan, Fang; Chen, Guo-Chun; Zhang, Lei; Liu, Yu; Liu, Hong
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent findings of the roles of bombesin receptor subtype-3 (BRS-3) in various patho-physiological conditions. Studies have demonstrated that two mammalians bombesin-like peptides, GRP and NMB, exhibit a large range of functions by binding to three receptors. Knockout studies showed that the mice BRS-3 has important effects on tumor growth, energy homeostasis, glucose regulation, satiety, and lung development (1,7). BRS-3 is an orphan receptor whose natural ligand is unknown. However, several agonists and antagonists have been synthesized which facilitate its characterization, (D-Tyr6, beta-Ala11, Phe13, Nle14) Bn-(6-14) and MK-5046 are agonists, whereas ML-18 and Bantag-1 are antagonists. With the development of several selective, high-affinity BRS-3 agonists and antagonists, recent studies provided some insights into the biological effects of BRS-3 in several disease states including lung cancer, obesity, diabetes mellitus, asthma, and kidney diseases. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of MISS.