Wafer Scale FeCl3 Intercalated Graphene Electrodes For Photovoltaic Applications
PHOTONICS FOR SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS VII
Authors: Walsh, Kieran K.; Murphy, Conor; Jones, Gareth; Barnes, Matthew; De Sanctis, Adolfo; Dong-Wook, Shin; Russo, Saverio; Craciun, Monica
Abstract
The alteration of graphene's electrical properties through chemical functionalization is a necessary process in order for graphene to fulfill its potential as a transparent conducting electrode. In this work, we present a method for the transfer and intercalation of large area (wafer scale) graphene samples to produce highly doped FeCl3 intercalated Few Layer Graphene (FeCl3-FLG). Given its excellent flexibility, transmission, and a sheet resistance, comparable to that of Indium Tin Oxide, FeCl3-FLG has potential to replace alternative flexible transparent electrodes as well as compete with rigid transparent electrodes. We assess the effect of functionalization temperature on the degree of intercalation in the large area samples and comparing results to that of 1 cm(2) FeCl3-FLG samples. Raman spectroscopy is then used to characterize samples, where we introduce a new figure of merit (< PosG >) by which to assess the degree of intercalation in a sample. This is an average G peak position, weighted by the areas of the constituent peaks, which can then be used to map the charge carrier concentration of the sample. The inhomogeneity of the graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition is found to be one of the limiting factors in producing large area, high quality FeCl3-FLG.
Phenotypes and endotypes of atopic dermatitis: Clinical implications
ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE
Authors: Kim, Minji; Kim, Jihyun
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease, characterized by a complex pathophysiology and a variety of clinical phenotypes. However, heterogeneous clinical phenotypes are generally not considered in treating AD. To date, phenotypes and endotypes have been proposed to classify AD mainly based on differences in age, IgE, severity, race, skin barrier dysfunction, immune (Th2/Th17/Th22) polarization, and skin microbiome. Various biologics to target polarized immune pathways, including dupilumab, have been newly developed for the personalized treatment of moderate-to-severe AD. Further understanding of AD pathophysiology and identification of novel biomarkers will not only allow clinically useful stratification of AD and but also achieve precision medicine for the prevention and treatment of AD.