Anti-Fumarate hydratase polyclonal antibody

Manures and feathers are abundant wastes from the meat supply chain. Although manures are used in anaerobic digestions to produce methane, feathers recalcitrance might be challenging. Methane production was assessed during mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion (Co-AD) of swine manures with untreated/pretreated feathers. Diluted fresh (DF; 1:2) or matured (DM; 1:1) manures were used both as Co-AD inoculums and main substrates. Co-substrates were feathers (FF) and feather hydrolysates produced through microbial degradation (FH); in Controls, total solids (TS) were adjusted with sterilized manure. In DF experiments, 5.6% TS (27.7% from co-substrate) and 6.8% TS (40.4% from co-substrate) yielded similar methane production [0.48 L CH4/g volatile solids (VSinitial)]. With FF, methane production showed a two-step decomposition pattern. At 6.8% TS, FH reduced yields (43%), possibly through ammonia inhibition. In DM experiments, at 4.60% TS (12.1% from co-substrate) and 5.15% TS (21.3% from co-substrate), methane production was superior with FH (0.16-0.19 L CH4/g VSinitial); FF decreased yields (15-25%), suggesting delayed biodegradation. Modified Gompertz model fitted best to kinetic data. FF and Controls displayed similar methane yields, and FH affected production in a concentration-dependent manner. Microbial pretreatment could increase methane production by improving feathers biodegradability. FH represents a nitrogen-rich substrate for Co-AD with nitrogen-deficient biomasses. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Alkali-heat treated titanium induces the rapid hydroxyapatite (HA) deposition on its surface and showed obviously improved in vitro and in vivo properties. In this study, the pure titanium is subjected to alkali washing and induction heat treatment (IHT) to form a hierarchical micro-nano scale porous structure on the sample surface. The morphology, phase, roughness, wettability, adhesive strength of the coating with the substrate and in vitro HA deposition were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM), contact angle measurement, nanomechanical test instrument and immersion in 1.5 x SBF, respectively. The results show that compare with heating in the furnace (FH) of acid-etched and alkali-treated (SLAA) samples, a more uniform and porous surface with improved roughness, wettability, and adhesive strength of the coating with the substrate were achieved by IHT. Especially, the high in vitro bioactivity indicated by rapid HA deposition was obtained by IHT of the SLAA surface. Given the above, this research of the alkali-heated titanium fabricated by induction heating may promote a more potential clinical application of the alkali-heat treatment.