Mouse anti-Human FES polyclonal antibody

The effects of FeS on nitrogen removal performance and microbial community of anammox process were studied. During the start-up period, the removal efficiencies of nitrite and total nitrogen were significantly improved by FeS. The addition of FeS increased the content of iron ions in the reactor and promoted the synthesis of hemec, which was involved in the formation of various enzymes. Compared with the control, the abundance of anammox bacteria in the FeS reactor was increased by 29%, and the expression level of thenirSgene (encoding cd(1)type nitrite reductase containing heme) was nearly doubled. The content of nitrite reductase (ammonia-forming) in the community was increased by 26.4%. The difference in functional bacteria and enzyme contents in the microbial community resulted in a difference in nitrogen removal rate (NRR) between the two reactors. High-throughput results indicated that FeS increased the richness and diversity of microbial community and enhanced the metabolic function of the microbial community. The addition of FeS did not change the dominant position ofCa. Kueneniain both reactors. But the relative abundance of heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria was reduced with FeS, which may be related to the inhibition effect of S(2-)produced by FeS.

FeS was evaluated as heterogeneous activator for peroxydisulfate (PS) with trichloroethene (TCE) chosen as model substance representing organic water pollutants prone to fast oxidation by sulfate radicals. The TCE degradation followed in most cases pseudo-first-order kinetics with a FeS-normalized maximum rate constant of k'(TCE) = 140 M(-1)min(-1) (with c(FeS),o = 0.28 mM and c(PS),o = 5 mM). Sulfate radicals were determined as predominant radical species formed during PS activation by FeS by evaluation of the kinetic isotope effect for oxidation of cyclohexanes C6H12 vs. C6D12 (k(C6H12): k(C6D12) = 2.22). Monitoring of sulfur and iron species during the course of the reaction revealed that sulfide is rapidly oxidized, whereas Fe(II)(solid) is rather stable over time. The present study describes in detail the influence of the pH value on the reaction and the long-term performance of FeS as activator for PS with an optimum pH value of 5. On the basis of the radical yield from PS of 1.6 mols SO4-center dot per mol S2O82- and the activation energy of E-A = (31 +/- 1) kJ mol(-1) for the heterogeneous radical generation, a surface-assisted homolytic bond cleavage without simultaneous electron transfer is proposed as activation mechanism, which is contrary to the currently prevailing opinion.