Right Sided Lateralization of Gamma Activity of EEG in Young Healthy Males
JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL AND DENTAL SCIENCE
Authors: Unal, Cevat; Natapraja, R. Bayu Kusumah; Nurhayati, Gebi Elmi; Saka, Muhammed Jimoh; Welcome, Menizibeya O.; Salako, Mariam; Abdullahi, Faruk; Muhammed, Nuhu A.; Dane, Senol
Abstract
Introduction: Functional asymmetry of the brain as studied on the electroencephalogram (EEG) can be used to obtain important information about the lateralization of brain electrical activity, which is closely related with sensorimotor, cognitive and behavioral functions. Thus frequency bands of the EEG trace can serve as potential markers of cortical functions in the sensorimotor, cognitive and behavioral domains. Previous studies have reported morphological asymmetry of the brain. However, the functional implication of morphological asymmetry of the brain is not been fully understood. The aim of the study was to investigate the lateralization of cortical oscillatory activity on the EEG in healthy humans. Materials and Methods: Fifteen healthy males with an average age of 23.65 years (SD=6.12) participated in the study. EEG recordings were performed using two channel bipolar montage; F2-F4 (right brain hemisphere) and F3-F7 (left brain hemisphere). Results: Gamma activity was significantly higher on the right side of the brain compared to the left side (p<0.05). There was no significant difference on other EEG waves between the left and right brain (p>0.05). Conclusion: Right sided lateralization of gamma activity suggests that the right brain is concerned with cognitive and behavioral processing. The results of this study confirm previous reports that the right brain is cognitive. Thus gamma activity can be used as a useful marker of frontal activation in behavioral and cognitive training.
Early Miocene seed like plant remain fossils and facies associations from the Nallihan district (NW Turkey)
BULLETIN OF THE MINERAL RESEARCH AND EXPLORATION
Authors: Gormus, Muhittin; Kadioglu, Yusuf Kagan; Varol, Baki Erdogan; Us, Muhammed Sami
Abstract
Seed like fossils recognized by their distinctive orbicular in shape are seen in the early Miocene of the Nallihan area (NW Turkiye). We examined more than one hundred specimens and facies associations for interpreting of fossil morphology and its paleoenvironment. The fossils as dark crystallized dots on the bedding surface of clayey limestones are characterized by a thick edged lenticular shape with a smooth one side and concave another side with circular nucleus. Their internal structures have circular a few whorlings, too often radial calcitic lamellae on the upper side and a few circular coiling at the bottom side. SEM, EPMA and RAMAN data of soft nucleus, hard part, filling materials and surrounding sediments support its plant origin. The Paleogene aged Kizilbayir formation and early Miocene aged Karadoruk and Akpinar formations include the following facieses: non-channelized red sandstone and mudstone (F1), channelized "confined" reddish-beige pebbly sandstone and conglomerate (F2), medium to coarse siliciclastics (F3), mudstones interbedded with sandstones (F4), thin bedded clayey limestone bearing plant fossils (F5) medium to thick bedded limestone (F6) and rhythmic siliciclastics - clayey limestone including coal occurrences (F7). Abundant plant fossils indicate a planted shallow lake margin with low topography during the early Miocene.