Synthesis, crystallographic and spectrophotometric studies of charge transfer complex formed between 2,2 '-bipyridine and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
Authors: Singh, Neelam; Khan, Ishaat M.; Ahmad, Afaq; Javed, Saleem
Abstract
Crystals of a novel charge transfer compound of 2,2'-bipyridine with 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid were isolated and studied. 2,2'-Bipyridine used in the reaction belongs to an important class of compounds with broad applications in various fields. The proton-transfer (charge transfer) complex was characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, (HNMR)-H-1,TGA-DTA, ESI-mass spectra, UV-visible and single crystal X-ray analysis. Spectrophotometric studies have been made in various solvents with different polarities. Various important parameters such as formation constant (K-CT), molar extinction coefficient (epsilon(CT)), energy of interaction (E-CT), ionization potential (I-D), resonance energy (RN), free energy (Delta G), resonance energy (R-N) oscillator strength (f) and transition dipole moment (mu(N)) were calculated and the effect of polarity on these parameters was also discussed. Spectroscopic studies show formation of 1:1 charge transfer complex between 2,2'-bipyridine and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid which is in good agreement with the application of the Benesi-Hildebrand equation. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data of CT complex indicates that N+-H center dot center dot center dot O- type hydrogen bonds are present between donor and acceptor moieties and corroborates the formation of the 1:1 CT complex. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Reversible Redox Switching of Concurrent Luminescence and Visual Color Change Based on Lanthanide Metallogel
LANGMUIR
Authors: Zhou, Qi; Dong, Xuelin; Yuan, Jianhui; Zhang, Binbin; Lu, Shan; Wang, Qin; Liao, Yonggui; Yang, Yajiang; Wang, Hong
Abstract
The development of reversible redox supra molecular gels capable of concurrent luminescence switch and visible color change with the facile redox process has always been an intriguing challenge. A redox-responsive supra molecular lanthanide metallogel with strong luminescence and yellow color is obtained via coordination interaction between 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) and europium (Eu3+). Upon the addition of TiO2 to the prepared gel (DNSA/Eu3+ gel), the oxidation process of the gel (DNSA/Eu3+/TiO2 gel) can be easily achieved by UV irradiation. The DNSA/Eu3+/TiO2 gel exhibits a concurrent reversible "on off' luminescence and color change in response to redox stimuli. The DNSA/Eu3+/TiO2 gel shows a concurrent quench of luminescence and a color change from yellow to red when the gel was stimulated by the reductant. Upon UV irradiation, the luminescence and color of the reduced DNSA/Eu3+/TiO2 gel restored to its initial state due to the strong oxidation ability of hydroxyl radicals derived from photocatalytic oxidation of TiO2. The results of UV vis and mass spectroscopy indicated that the reversible redox responsiveness of DNSA/Eu3+/TiO2 gel depends on the reversible oxidation reduction reactions of DNSA. Moreover, DNSA/Eu3+/TiO2 gel remains stable because the morphology of the gel had no change during the redox process. Exemplarily, the application of DNSA/Eu3+/TiO2 gels to achieve luminescent patterning was investigated. The results demonstrated that the prepared metallogel has potential applications in the fields of writable materials, anticounterfeiting, sensors, and others.